Machine learning algorithms that predict the risk of prostate cancer based on metabolic syndrome and sociodemographic characteristics: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Given the rapid increase in the prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa), identifying its risk factors and developing suitable risk prediction models has important implications for public health. We used machine learning (ML) approach to screen participants with high risk of PCa and, specifically, investigated whether participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS) exhibited an elevated PCa risk.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with 41,837 participants in South Korea.

Prognostic value of electronic health records-based frailty measures for all-cause mortality in older patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Frailty screening is important to guide treatment decisions for older patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the performance of frailty measures (FMs) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of FMs based on electronic health records (EHR) data in clinical settings for all-cause mortality in older patients with NSCLC.

Seasonal influences on the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death (ligand) 1 inhibitors in lung cancer.

Background: Seasonal variations in systemic immunity have been reported. This study aimed to evaluate whether seasonality affects the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapy.

Methods: A total of 604 patients with lung cancer receiving single anti-programmed cell death (ligand) 1 (anti-PD-[L]1) inhibitors from two prospective observational cohorts were screened.

Development of an Automatic Rule-Based Algorithm for the Detection of Ovarian Cancer Recurrence From Electronic Health Records.

Purpose: As the onset of cancer recurrence is not explicitly recorded in the electronic health record (EHR), a high volume of manual chart review is required to detect the cancer recurrence. This study aims to develop an automatic rule-based algorithm for detecting ovarian cancer (OC) recurrence on the basis of minimally preprocessed EHR data.

Methods: The automatic rule-based recurrence detection algorithm (Auto-Recur), using notes on image reading (positron emission tomography-computed tomography [PET-CT], CT, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), biomarker (CA125), and treatment information (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy), was developed to detect the first OC recurrence.

Socioeconomic inequality in health-related quality of life among Korean adults with chronic disease: an analysis of the Korean Community Health Survey.

Objectives: Health-related quality of life is crucial for people dealing with chronic illness. This study investigated the quality of life in individuals with 5 common chronic conditions in Korea. We also analyzed socioeconomic factors such as education, income, occupation, and urbanization to identify determinants of inequality.

Treatment-related cardiovascular events in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: Evidence from real-world data with a competing risks approach.

Background: Understanding cancer treatment-related cardiovascular (CV) events is important for cancer care; however, comprehensive evaluation of CV events in patients with lung cancer is limited. This study aimed to assess the cumulative incidence and associated risks of various CV event types in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A total of 7868 individuals aged 40 years and older, recently diagnosed with NSCLC (2007-2018), were assessed with data obtained from the National Cancer Center, Korea.

Health-related quality of life in long-term early-stage breast cancer survivors compared to general population in Korea.

Purpose: This study assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of long-term breast cancer (BC) survivors diagnosed at early stages and compare with cancer-free, age-matched women.

Methods: The study population included BC survivors diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or breast cancer stages I-II, who had undergone lumpectomy/mastectomy, with time since diagnosis ranging from 9 to 16 years. Survey was conducted at two tertiary hospitals in 2020.

Prevalence of pre-existing lung diseases and their association with income level among patients with lung cancer: a nationwide population-based case-control study in South Korea.

Background: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of pre-existing lung diseases in patients with lung cancer compared to people without lung cancer and examine the association between income levels and pre-existing lung diseases.

Methods: Data on patients with lung cancer (case) and the general population without lung cancer (non-cancer controls) matched by age, sex and region were obtained from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database (n=51 586). Insurance premiums were divided into quintiles and medicaid patients.

Risk factors for colorectal cancer in a fecal immunochemical test-positive group: The National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort.

Background And Aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) was the fourth most common cancer in Republic of Korea in 2019. It has a gradually increasing mortality rate, indicating the importance of screening for CRC. Among the various CRC screening test, fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a simple yet most commonly used.

A New Personalized Oral Cancer Survival Calculator to Estimate Risk of Death From Both Oral Cancer and Other Causes.

Importance: Standard cancer prognosis models typically do not include much specificity in characterizing competing illnesses or general health status when providing prognosis estimates, limiting their utility for individuals, who must consider their cancer in the context of their overall health. This is especially true for patients with oral cancer, who frequently have competing illnesses.

Objective: To describe a statistical framework and accompanying new publicly available calculator that provides personalized estimates of the probability of a patient surviving or dying from cancer or other causes, using oral cancer as the first data set.

Key Points for Clinicians About the SEER Oral Cancer Survival Calculator.

Importance: In the setting of a new cancer diagnosis, the focus is usually on the cancer as the main threat to survival, but people may have other conditions that pose an equal or greater threat to their life than their cancer: a competing risk of death. This is especially true for patients who have cancer of the oral cavity, because prolonged exposure to alcohol and tobacco are risk factors for cancer in this location but also can result in medical conditions with the potential to shorten life expectancy, competing as a cause of death that may intervene in conjunction with or before the cancer.

Observations: A calculator designed for public use has been released that allows patients age 20 to 86 years who have a newly diagnosed oral cancer to obtain estimates of their health status-adjusted age, life expectancy in the absence of the cancer, and probability of surviving, dying of the cancer, or dying of other causes within 1 to 10 years after diagnosis.

A comparison of machine learning models and Cox proportional hazards models regarding their ability to predict the risk of gastrointestinal cancer based on metabolic syndrome and its components.

Background: Little is known about applying machine learning (ML) techniques to identify the important variables contributing to the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer in epidemiological studies. We aimed to compare different ML models to a Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model regarding their ability to predict the risk of GI cancer based on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components.

Methods: A total of 41,837 participants were included in a prospective cohort study.

Risk prediction model of peritoneal seeding in advanced gastric cancer: A decision tool for diagnostic laparoscopy.

Background: Selective diagnostic laparoscopy in gastric cancer patients at high risk of peritoneal metastasis is essential for optimal treatment planning. In this study available clinicopathologic factors predictive of peritoneal seeding in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) were identified, and this information was translated into a clinically useful tool.

Methods: Totally 2833 patients underwent surgery for AGC between 2003 and 2013.

An early interactive human coaching via a mobile application to improve quality of life in patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer: Design and protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: After gastrectomy, patients may experience the postgastrectomy syndrome and face difficulties adapting to everyday diet. Recently, human health coaching via a mobile application (app) has been used for obese patients or patients with chronic diseases, with significant improvements in clinical outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of human health coaching via a mobile app and conventional face-to-face counseling in patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancers.

Multimorbidity patterns by health-related quality of life status in older adults: an association rules and network analysis utilizing the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Objectives: Improved life expectancy has increased the prevalence of older adults living with multimorbidity which likely deteriorates their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, relatively little is known about patterns and the relationships of multimorbidity by HRQoL status in older adults.

Methods: Individuals aged 65 or older from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V-VII (2010-2018) were analyzed.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer: A meta-analysis.

Background: The value of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) at the time of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is controversial and its use remains experimental in most national and international guidelines. We wished to systematically evaluate all available evidence.

Methods: A comprehensive review of data from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted from the first report on HIPEC in EOC till April 3, 2022.

Unsupervised learning methods for efficient geographic clustering and identification of disease disparities with applications to county-level colorectal cancer incidence in California.

Many public health policymaking questions involve data subsets representing application-specific attributes and geographic location. We develop and evaluate standard and tailored techniques for clustering via unsupervised learning (UL) algorithms on such amalgamated (dual-domain) data sets. The aim of the associated algorithms is to identify geographically efficient clusters that also maximize the number of statistically significant differences in disease incidence and demographic variables across top clusters.

Long-term Survivorship and Non-cancer Competing Mortality in Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in South Korea.

Purpose: As the survival of head and neck cancer (HNC) improves, survivors increasingly confront non-cancer-related deaths. This nationwide population-based study aimed to investigate non-cancer-related deaths in HNC survivors.

Materials And Methods: Data from the Korean Central Cancer Registry were obtained to characterize causes of death, mortality patterns, and survival in patients with HNC between 2006 and 2016 (n=40,890).

Infection-related and lifestyle-related cancer burden in Kampala, Uganda: projection of the future cancer incidence up to 2030.

Objectives: In Uganda, infection-related cancers have made the greatest contribution to cancer burden in the past; however, burden from lifestyle-related cancers has increased recently. Using the Kampala Cancer Registry data, we projected incidence of top five cancers, namely, Kaposi sarcoma (KS), cervical, breast and prostate cancer, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in Uganda.

Design: Trend analysis of cancer registry data.

Long-term trajectory of postoperative health-related quality of life in young breast cancer patients: a 15-year follow-up study.

Purpose: Breast cancer (BC) patients often experience various long-term sequelae due to aggressive treatment. We analyzed and illustrated long-term trajectory during different phases of treatment and survivorship.

Methods: Data were obtained from a cohort of 298 BC patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2006 and were followed up until 2020.

Understanding health problems in people with extremely low health-related quality of life in Korea.

Little is known about patients reporting extremely poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study targeted population with inferior HRQoL and examined their problems experienced with HRQoL dimensions, and impacts of different morbidities on these problems. Data were obtained from a population-based survey in Korea.

Cause of death and cause-specific mortality for primary liver cancer in South Korea: A nationwide population-based study in hepatitis B virus-endemic area.

Background/aims: Primary liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. However, the causes of death have not been studied in detail in patients with liver cancer.

Methods: The causes of death and cause-specific mortality risks in patients with primary liver cancer, diagnosed during 2000-2016, were investigated using the nationwide population-based cancer registry data in South Korea (n=231,388).

Estimating life expectancy adjusted by self-rated health status in the United States: national health interview survey linked to the mortality.

Background: Life expectancy is increasingly incorporated in evidence-based screening and treatment guidelines to facilitate patient-centered clinical decision-making. However, life expectancy estimates from standard life tables do not account for health status, an important prognostic factor for premature death. This study aims to address this research gap and develop life tables incorporating the health status of adults in the United States.

Fear of Cancer Recurrence and Its Negative Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life in Long-term Breast Cancer Survivors.

Purpose: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a common psychological issue in breast cancer (BC) survivors during early survivorship but whether the same is true among long-term survivors has yet to be empirically evaluated. This study investigated FCR level, its associated factors, and impact on quality of life (QoL) in long-term BC survivors.

Materials And Methods: Participants included women diagnosed with BC between 2004 and 2010 at two tertiary hospitals.