Challenges in removing an aged spinal cord stimulator: A case study of complete fracture in a 9-year-old S-series paddle lead.

Introduction: This case report presents an instance of an S-Series™ slim paddle lead fracturing during extraction, highlighting potential risks associated with the removal of this lead.

Case Report: A 47-year-old male with complex regional pain syndrome type 2, unresponsive to pharmacotherapy, had undergone the implantation of two spinal cord stimulator (SCS) leads, an Octrode™ cylindrical and an S-series™ slim paddle, using the Epiducer™ system (St Jude Medical) 9 years earlier, with a subsequent intrathecal baclofen pump installed 1 year after SCS. Initially, these interventions stabilized the patient's pain symptoms.

Prediction of the Cervical Epidural Space Depth from the Skin Using Cervical X-Ray, During Cervical Epidural Block with Paramedian Approach.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the actual needle depth measured during cervical epidural block (CEB) with the predicted needle depth measured through a cervical flexion x-ray image at the paramedian approach.

Methods: The study was conducted based on the medical records of patients who underwent CEB at the pain clinic of Haeundae Paik Hospital. The actual needle distance (AD) was recorded after each successful CEB.

Transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome with severe lactic acidosis due to the use of sorbitol-mannitol irrigating fluid: A case report.

We report a case of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) syndrome with mild hyponatremia, severe lactic acidosis, and hypotension. A 73-year-old man with benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent monopolar TURP. Two episodes of hypotension occurred during the operation.

Varicella-Zoster Virus Reactivation During the Incubation Period for Scrub Typhus: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Herpes zoster caused by the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus is thought to result from the waning of specific cell-mediated immunity. Scrub typhus, an acute infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, affects multiple organs and is characterized by microangiopathies that result in significant vascular leakage and subsequent end-organ injury. Very few cases of reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus following scrub typhus occurrence have been reported.

Neuropathic Pain Component in Patients with Cervical Radicular Pain: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Background and Objectives: Evidence regarding the prevalence of neuropathic pain in patients with cervical radicular pain is limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of neuropathic pain components in patients with cervical radicular pain using established screening tools and identify the relationship between neuropathic pain components and clinical factors. Materials and Methods: Data from 103 patients (aged ≥ 20 years) with cervical radicular pain who visited our pain clinic were analyzed retrospectively.

Heterotypic cell-in-cell structures between cancer and NK cells are associated with enhanced anticancer drug resistance.

The heterotypic CIC structures formed of cancer and immune cells have been observed in tumor tissues. We aimed to assess the feasibility of using heterotypic CICs as a functional biomarker to predict NK susceptibility and drug resistance. The heterotypic CIC-forming cancer cells showed a lower response to NK cytotoxicity and higher proliferative ability than non-CIC cancer cells.

Non-coding de novo mutations in chromatin interactions are implicated in autism spectrum disorder.

Three-dimensional chromatin interactions regulate gene expressions. The significance of de novo mutations (DNMs) in chromatin interactions remains poorly understood for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We generated 813 whole-genome sequences from 242 Korean simplex families to detect DNMs, and identified target genes which were putatively affected by non-coding DNMs in chromatin interactions.

Atypical Course of Vertebral Artery Identified by Ultrasound Prescan before Performing a Stellate Ganglion Block.

Ultrasound provides direct visualization of blood vessels and soft tissues around the sympathetic chain and potentially minimizes injury to these critical anatomic structures when performing stellate ganglion block (SGB). We report an atypical left vertebral artery course detected during an ultrasound prescan before performing a SGB. The left vertebral and inferior thyroid arteries were identified on the longus colli muscle's ventral surface at the C6 level.

Effect of Remifentanil on Postoperative Vomiting After Strabismus Surgery in Preschool Children: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Strabismus surgery and the use of opioid are risk factors of postoperative vomiting. We evaluated whether there is a dose-dependent effect of remifentanil on the incidence of postoperative vomiting.

Methods: Sixty pediatric patients who were scheduled for strabismus surgery were enrolled.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension following spinal anesthesia initially misdiagnosed as postdural puncture headache.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is not rare, but its diagnosis remains challenging. SIH tends to be misdiagnosed as postdural puncture headache when orthostatic headache develops subsequent to spinal anesthesia because both have similar symptoms. We report the case of a 35-year-old man with orthostatic headache following spinal anesthesia, who did not respond to conventional therapy for postdural puncture headache.

Leriche Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in a Patient with Neuropathic Pain Caused by a Chip Fracture: A Case Report.

Introduction: Leriche syndrome is an aortoiliac occlusive disease caused by atherosclerotic occlusion. We report a case of Leriche syndrome with a fracture that was suspected as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), as the post-traumatic pain gradually worsened in the form of excruciating neuropathic pain.

Case Report: A 52-year-old woman with a history of hypertension was referred to the Department of Pain Medicine from a local orthopedic clinic because of suspected CRPS for excruciating neuropathic pain for one month.

Effect of depth of anesthesia on the phase lag entropy in patients undergoing general anesthesia by propofol: A STROBE-compliant study.

The PLEM100 (Inbody Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) is a device for measuring phase lag entropy (PLE), a recently developed index for the quantification of consciousness during sedation and general anesthesia.

Effect of phenylephrine infusion on hypotension induced by the beach chair position: A prospective randomized trial.

Background: The beach chair position (BCP), used during shoulder surgery, is associated with hypotension, bradycardia, and risk of cerebral hypoperfusion. Phenylephrine is commonly used as a first treatment of choice of intraoperative hypotension during surgery. We evaluated the hemodynamic effects of 2 doses of intravenous phenylephrine infusion administered before being placed in BCP for arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

Analgesia for spinal anesthesia positioning in elderly patients with proximal femoral fractures: Dexmedetomidine-ketamine versus dexmedetomidine-fentanyl.

Elderly patients with femoral fractures are anticipated to endure the most pain caused by positional changes required for spinal anesthesia. To improve pain relief, we compared the analgesic effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine-ketamine and dexmedetomidine-fentanyl combinations to facilitate patient positioning for spinal anesthesia in elderly patients with proximal femoral fractures. Forty-six patients were randomly assigned to two groups and received either 1 mg/kg of intravenous ketamine (group K) or 1 μg/kg of intravenous fentanyl (group F) concomitant with a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg over 10 minutes, then dexmedetomidine infusion only was continued at 0.

Modelling monogenic autism spectrum disorder using mouse cortical organoids.

Variants of the contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2), which is a member of the neurexin family of proteins, function as cell adhesion molecules. The loss of CNTNAP2 function leads to autism spectrum disorder in humans and to autistic behaviours in mice. However, the functional effects of these mutations at the cellular level during fetal developmental periods remain elusive.

Metastable Reprogramming State of Single Transcription Factor-Derived Induced Hepatocyte-Like Cells.

We previously described the generation of induced hepatocyte-like cells (iHeps) using the hepatic transcription factor together with small molecules. These iHeps represent a hepatic state that is more mature compared with iHeps generated with multiple hepatic factors. However, the underlying mechanism of hepatic conversion involving transgene dependence of the established iHeps is largely unknown.