Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the Surface Defect Generation during the Hot Extrusion of Al6063 Alloy.

The surface quality control of extruded products is a critical concern in the home appliance manufacturing industry owing to the increasing need for products with a high surface quality, in addition to the essential mechanical properties of the final product. The underlying issue with achieving high-quality extrusion products is that surface defects, especially those resulting in surface gloss differences, called white line defects, are only observed after surface treatment. In this study, we aim to investigate the cause of white line defect generation on the surface of an extruded product.

Regional Features of Long-Term Exposure to PM Air Quality over Asia under SSP Scenarios Based on CMIP6 Models.

This study investigates changes in fine particulate matter (PM) concentration and air-quality index (AQI) in Asia using nine different Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project 6 (CMIP6) climate model ensembles from historical and future scenarios under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The results indicated that the estimated present-day PM concentrations were comparable to satellite-derived data. Overall, the PM concentrations of the analyzed regions exceeded the WHO air-quality guidelines, particularly in East Asia and South Asia.