Attentional state-synchronous peripheral electrical stimulation during action observation induced distinct modulation of corticospinal plasticity after stroke.

Introduction: Brain computer interface-based action observation (BCI-AO) is a promising technique in detecting the user's cortical state of visual attention and providing feedback to assist rehabilitation. Peripheral nerve electrical stimulation (PES) is a conventional method used to enhance outcomes in upper extremity function by increasing activation in the motor cortex. In this study, we examined the effects of different pairings of peripheral nerve electrical stimulation (PES) during BCI-AO tasks and their impact on corticospinal plasticity.

Effect of immersive virtual mirror visual feedback on Mu suppression and coherence in motor and parietal cortex in stroke.

We investigated the activation pattern of the motor cortex (M1) and parietal cortex during immersive virtual reality (VR)-based mirror visual feedback (MVF) of the upper limb in 14 patients with chronic stroke and severe upper limb hemiparesis and in 21 healthy controls. Participants performed wrist extension with unaffected wrists (dominant side in controls). In the MVF condition, movement of the affected hand was synchronized with that of the unaffected hand.

Attentional State-Dependent Peripheral Electrical Stimulation During Action Observation Enhances Cortical Activations in Stroke Patients.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a promising technique that enables patients' interaction with computers or machines by analyzing specific brain signal patterns and provides patients with brain state-dependent feedback to assist in their rehabilitation. Action observation (AO) and peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) are conventional methods used to enhance rehabilitation outcomes by promoting neural plasticity. In this study, we assessed the effects of attentional state-dependent feedback in the combined application of BCI-AO with PES on sensorimotor cortical activation in patients after stroke.

Brain-computer interface-based action observation combined with peripheral electrical stimulation enhances corticospinal excitability in healthy subjects and stroke patients.

Action observation (AO) combined with brain-computer interface (BCI) technology enhances cortical activation. Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) increases corticospinal excitability, thereby activating brain plasticity. To maximize motor recovery, we assessed the effects of BCI-AO combined with PES on corticospinal plasticity.

Distraction Classification During Target Tracking Tasks Involving Target and Cursor Flickering Using EEGNet.

Keeping patients from being distracted while performing motor rehabilitation is important. An EEG-based biofeedback strategy has been introduced to help encourage participants to focus their attention on rehabilitation tasks. Here, we suggest a BCI-based monitoring method using a flickering cursor and target that can evoke a steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) using the fact that the SSVEP is modulated by a patient's attention.

Superior Facilitation of an Action Observation Network by Congruent Character Movements in Brain-Computer Interface Action-Observation Games.

Action observation (AO) is a promising strategy for promoting motor function in neural rehabilitation. Recently, brain-computer interface (BCI)-AO game rehabilitation, which combines AO therapy with BCI technology, has been introduced to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation. This approach can improve motor learning by providing feedback, which can be interactive in an observation task, and the game contents of the BCI-AO game paradigm can affect rehabilitation.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effect on Virtual Hand Illusion.

Virtual reality (VR) is effectively used to evoke the mirror illusion, and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) synergistically facilitates this illusion. This study investigated whether a mirror virtual hand illusion (MVHI) induced by an immersive, first-person-perspective, virtual mirror system could be modulated by tDCS of the primary motor cortex. Fourteen healthy adults (average age 21.

Development of a flickering action video based steady state visual evoked potential triggered brain computer interface-functional electrical stimulation for a rehabilitative action observation game.

Background: This study focused on developing an upper limb rehabilitation program. In this regard, a steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) triggered brain computer interface (BCI)-functional electrical stimulation (FES) based action observation game featuring a flickering action video was designed.

Objective: In particular, the synergetic effect of the game was investigated by combining the action observation paradigm with BCI based FES.

Multiple-command single-frequency SSVEP-based BCI system using flickering action video.

Background: The number of commands in a brain-computer interface (BCI) system is important. This study proposes a new BCI technique to increase the number of commands in a single BCI system without loss of accuracy.

New Method: We expected that a flickering action video with left and right elbow movements could simultaneously activate the different pattern of event-related desynchronization (ERD) according to the video contents (e.

A Brain-Computer Interface-Based Action Observation Game That Enhances Mu Suppression.

Action observation training based on the theory of activation of the mirror-neuron system has been used for the rehabilitation of patients with stroke. In this paper, we sought to assess whether a brain-computer interface (BCI)-based action observation rehabilitation game, using a flickering action video, could preferentially activate the mirror-neuron system. Feedback of stimulus observation, evoked by the flickering action video, was provided using steady state visually evoked potential and event-related desynchronization.

Flickering exercise video produces mirror neuron system (MNS) activation and steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs).

The action of observing can be used as an effective rehabilitation paradigm, because it activates the mirror neuron system. However, it is difficult to fully use this paradigm because it is difficult to get patients to engage in watching video clips of exercise. In this study, we proposed a steady state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) based paradigm that could be used in a Brain Computer Interface, and examined its feasibility by investigating whether flickering video could activate the mirror neuron system and evoke SSVEPs at the same time.

Mobile game-based virtual reality rehabilitation program for upper limb dysfunction after ischemic stroke.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to provide intensive, repetitive, and task-oriented training, and game-based therapy can enhance patients' motivation and enjoyment.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop a mobile game-based upper extremity VR program for patients who have experienced stroke, and to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the program.

Methods: This randomized, double-blind, controlled trial included 24 patients with ischemic stroke.