Association between osteoporosis and the rate of telomere shortening.

A shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is reported to be associated with age-related diseases, including osteoporosis. Many studies have tried identifying the association between LTL and osteoporosis, although it remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether osteoporosis is independently associated with LTL shortening in a prospective longitudinal cohort.

GV1001 reduces neurodegeneration and prolongs lifespan in 3xTg-AD mouse model through anti-aging effects.

GV1001, which mimics the activity of human telomerase reverse transcriptase, protects neural cells from amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity and other stressors through extra-telomeric function, as noted in our prior studies. As per a recent phase II clinical trial, it improves cognitive function in patients with moderate to severe dementia. However, the underlying protective mechanisms remain unclear.

Predicting amyloid PET positivity using plasma p-tau181 and other blood-based biomarkers.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of combining plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181, amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40, neurofilament light (NfL), and apolipoprotein E () genotypes for detecting positive amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), which is little known in the Asian population, in two independent cohorts.

Methods: Biomarkers were measured using a single-molecule array (Simoa) in a cohort study (Asan). All participants underwent amyloid PET.

GV1001 modulates neuroinflammation and improves memory and behavior through the activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in a triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

GV1001 protects neural cells from amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity and other stressors in in vitro studies and demonstrates clinically beneficial effects in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the protective effects and mechanism of action of GV1001 in triple transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice. We found that GV1001 improved memory and cognition in middle- and old-aged 3xTg-AD mice.

Predicting cognitive stage transition using p-tau181, Centiloid, and other measures.

Background: A combination of plasma phospho-tau (p-tau), amyloid beta (Aβ)-positron emission tomography (PET), brain magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive function tests, and other biomarkers might predict future cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of combining these biomarkers in predicting future cognitive stage transitions within 3 years.

Methods: Among the participants in the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease (KBASE-V) study, 49 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 113 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants with Aβ-PET and brain imaging data were analyzed.

Relationship between telomere shortening and early subjective depressive symptoms and cognitive complaints in older adults.

Telomere length (TL) has been reported to be associated with depression and cognitive impairment in elderly. Early detection of depression and cognitive impairment is important to delay disease progression. Therefore, we aimed to identify whether TL is associated with early subjective depressive symptoms and cognitive complaints among healthy elderly subjects.

Fairness-Based Multi-AP Coordination Using Federated Learning in Wi-Fi 7.

Federated learning is a type of distributed machine learning in which models learn by using large-scale decentralized data between servers and devices. In a short-range wireless communication environment, it can be difficult to apply federated learning because the number of devices in one access point (AP) is small, which can be small enough to perform federated learning. Therefore, it means that the minimum number of devices required to perform federated learning cannot be matched by the devices included in one AP environment.

L-Type Ca Channel Inhibition Rescues the LPS-Induced Neuroinflammatory Response and Impairments in Spatial Memory and Dendritic Spine Formation.

Ca signaling is implicated in the transition between microglial surveillance and activation. Several L-type Ca channel blockers (CCBs) have been shown to ameliorate neuroinflammation by modulating microglial activity. In this study, we examined the effects of the L-type CCB felodipine on LPS-mediated proinflammatory responses.

Differential expression of aqueous humor microRNAs in central retinal vein occlusion and its association with matrix metalloproteinases: a pilot study.

The aim of this study is to investigate the differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the aqueous humor (AH) of patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), and their association with AH matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. Eighteen subjects, including 10 treatment naïve patients with CRVO and 8 control subjects, scheduled for intravitreal injection and cataract surgery, respectively, were included. AH samples were collected at the beginning of the procedure.

Association between sleep parameters and longitudinal shortening of telomere length.

Background: The relationship between sleep parameters and longitudinal shortening of telomere length is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep parameters and the shortening of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) over a year.

Methods: Among the participants in the validation cohort of the Korea Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease, participants who measured both baseline and follow-up (two years later) of LTL were analyzed.

Serum neurofilament light chain level as a predictor of cognitive stage transition.

Background: Neurofilament light chain (NFL) level has been suggested as a blood-based biomarker for neurodegeneration in dementia. However, the association between baseline NFL levels and cognitive stage transition or cortical thickness is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether baseline NFL levels are associated with cognitive stage transition or cortical thickness in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants.

Neuroprotective Effects of GV1001 in Animal Stroke Model and Neural Cells Subject to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion Injury.

Background And Purpose: Previous studies have revealed the diverse neuroprotective effects of GV1001. In this study, we investigated the effects of GV1001 on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced injury in neural stem cells (NSCs) and cortical neurons.

Methods: Focal cerebral IRI was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Increased telomere length in patients with frontotemporal dementia syndrome.

Background: Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences of TTAGGG at the ends of chromosomes. Many studies have shown that telomere shortening is associated with aging-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease, and dementia with Lewy bodies. However, changes in telomere length (TL) in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) syndrome are unclear.

The relationship of soluble TREM2 to other biomarkers of sporadic Alzheimer's disease.

Microglial activation is a central player in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The soluble fragment of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) can serve as a marker for microglial activation and has been shown to be overexpressed in AD. However, the relationship of sTREM2 with other AD biomarkers has not been extensively studied.

Facility-based and home-based multidomain interventions including cognitive training, exercise, diet, vascular risk management, and motivation for older adults: a randomized controlled feasibility trial.

We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of multidomain intervention (MI) tailored to the Korean context. In an outcome assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial, participants without dementia and with one or more modifiable dementia risk factors, aged 60-79 years, were randomly assigned to the facility-based MI (FMI; n=51), the home-based MI (HMI; n=51), or the control group receiving general health advice (n=50). The 24-week intervention comprised vascular risk management, cognitive training, social activity, physical exercise, nutrition guidance, and motivational enhancement.

GSK3B induces autophagy by phosphorylating ULK1.

Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), a mammalian homolog of the yeast kinase Atg1, has an essential role in autophagy induction. In nutrient and growth factor signaling, ULK1 activity is regulated by various posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. We previously identified glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) as an upstream regulator of insulin withdrawal-induced autophagy in adult hippocampal neural stem cells.

Telmisartan Inhibits the NLRP3 Inflammasome by Activating the PI3K Pathway in Neural Stem Cells Injured by Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation.

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects by suppressing inflammatory and apoptotic responses. In the present study, the effects of the ARB telmisartan on the NLRP3 inflammasome induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in neural stem cells (NSCs) were investigated, as well as their possible association with the activation of the PI3K pathway. Cultured NSCs were treated with different concentrations of telmisartan and subjected to various durations of OGD.

Relationship between telomere shortening and age in Korean individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease compared to that in healthy controls.

Although telomere length (TL) is highly variable, a shorter TL indicate increased biological age. This multicenter study was conducted to identify the overall correlation between age and TL in Koreans and investigate the associations between age and TL in healthy individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). TL was measured in peripheral leukocyte DNA.

The VEGF inhibitor vatalanib regulates AD pathology in 5xFAD mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by Aβ accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Epidemiological evidence for a negative correlation between cancer and AD has led to the proposed use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as dasatinib and masitinib for AD, with reported beneficial effects in the AD brain. The TKI vatalanib inhibits angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR).

Exposure assessment of elemental carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and crystalline silica at the underground excavation sites for top-down construction buildings.

Enclosed underground excavation worksite has an environment with poor ventilation and exposure to hazardous substances from diesel engine exhaust and construction materials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure level of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), total carbon (TC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dust and crystalline silica (CS) during underground excavation work for top down construction buildings. Active local air sampling for EC, OC, and TC (n = 105), PAHs (n = 50), dust (n = 34) and CS (n = 34) was conducted from inside and outside the excavator at underground excavation workshop in four different construction sites.

The novel DYRK1A inhibitor KVN93 regulates cognitive function, amyloid-beta pathology, and neuroinflammation.

Regulating amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology and neuroinflammatory responses holds promise for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative and/or neuroinflammation-related diseases. In this study, the effects of KVN93, an inhibitor of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase-1A (DYRK1A), on cognitive function and Aβ plaque levels and the underlying mechanism of action were evaluated in 5x FAD mice (a mouse model of AD). KVN93 treatment significantly improved long-term memory by enhancing dendritic synaptic function.

The MAO Inhibitor Tranylcypromine Alters LPS- and Aβ-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Responses in Wild-type Mice and a Mouse Model of AD.

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) has been implicated in neuroinflammation, and therapies targeting MAO are of interest for neurodegenerative diseases. The small-molecule drug tranylcypromine, an inhibitor of MAO, is currently used as an antidepressant and in the treatment of cancer. However, whether tranylcypromine can regulate LPS- and/or Aβ-induced neuroinflammation in the brain has not been well-studied.