In silico modeling of electric field modulation by transcranial direct current stimulation in stroke patients with skull burr holes: Implications for safe clinical application.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a promising tool for stroke rehabilitation, supported by evidence demonstrating its beneficial effects on post-stroke recovery. However, patients with skull defects, such as burr holes, have been excluded from tDCS due to limited knowledge regarding the effect of skull defects on the electric field.

Objective: We investigated the effect of burr holes on the electric field induced by tDCS and identified the electrode location that modulates the electric field.

Effect of Non-invasive Spinal Stimulation on Self-sustained Firing Motoneuron Model: In-Silico Study Using Human Body Model.

Transcutaneous spinal electrical stimulation (tSCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation approach using a low intensity direct current. Recent developments in the technique have opened the possibility that tSCS can help restore motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the exact mechanism of action tSCS has on the spinal circuits is still unknown.

Modulation of the clinically accessible gelation time using glucono-d-lactone and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate for long-acting alginate in situ forming gel injectable.

The purpose of this study was to design alginate in situ forming gel (ISFG) injectable with clinically acceptable gelation time and controlled release of hydrophobic drug. Milled or unmilled paliperidone palmitate (PPP) was used. The gelation time was controlled by varying the ratios of glucono-d-lactone (GDL) and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) in prefilled alginate solution mixtures (ASMs) containing PPP, CaCO, GDL and PLP for clinically acceptable injectability.

Shoulder pain and ultrasound findings: A comparison study of wheelchair athletes, nonathletic wheelchair users, and nonwheelchair users.

Background: Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal concerns in manual wheelchair users including among athletes. However, there is a paucity of research characterizing both shoulder pain and shoulder pathology in this population.

Objective: To characterize and compare the prevalence of current shoulder pain and ultrasound metrics of shoulder pathology between wheelchair athletes, nonathletic wheelchair users, and nonwheelchair users.

Fecitrate converted from FeO particles in coal-fired flue gas promoted microalgal biomass and lipid productivities.

In order to reutilize FeO particles in flue gas from coal-fired power plant as a ferrum nutrient for improving microalgae growth, Na-Citrate was proposed to chelate FeCl derived from FeO and HCl reactions to promote biomass and lipid productivities of Chlorella PY-ZU1. Fe-Citrate gave much higher biomass and lipid productivities than FeCl, Fe-EDTA, Fe-DTPA and Fe-HEDTA, because organic chelator prevented Fe from depositing, lower stability constant resulted in easier dissociation of ferric chelate, smaller chelate facilitated Fe (reduced from Fe) transportation through cell membranes. The biomass growth and photosynthetic capacity of Chlorella PY-ZU1 cultivated with Fe-Citrate (converted from FeO particles) medium were similar to those with commercial ferric ammonium citrate medium.

Enhancing microalgal biomass productivity with an optimized flow field generated by double paddlewheels in a flat plate photoreactor with CO aeration based on numerical simulation.

Computational fluid dynamics were used to analyze the flash light effect and CO bubble behavior in an optimized flow field generated by double paddlewheels in a flat plate photoreactor to enhance microalgal biomass productivity. The increased D/w ratio significantly enhanced the average turbulent kinetic energy and flash cycle frequency. However, the effects became weak when the D/w ratio was over 0.

The Role of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Gut Health.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique subset of cells with different functional characteristics compared to classical dendritic cells. The pDCs are critical for the production of type I IFN in response to microbial and self-nucleic acids. They have an important role for host defense against viral pathogen infections.