Rethinking how mobile units can catalyze progress on lung cancer screening: a scoping review of what we have learned.

Background: Despite United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations, low uptake of lung cancer screening (LCS) highlights the need for measures to promote adoption. This scoping review aims to outline the global landscape of mobile low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) platforms, summarizing research and evaluating efficacy in screening at-risk populations.

Methods: We comprehensively searched Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published between 2017 and 2023.

Participation in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Clinical Trials in the United States by Race/Ethnicity.

Introduction: Despite efforts by Cancer Centers and community organizations to increase diversity in clinical trials, significant racial/ethnic disparities remain. Given the high mortality rates in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it is important to increase diversity in NSCLC trials, ensuring all patients benefit from advances in new treatment modalities.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated the distribution of racial/ethnic minority enrollment in NSCLC clinical trials using data from ClinicalTrials.

Iron and cancer: overview of the evidence from population-based studies.

Iron is an essential nutrient required for various physiological processes in the body. However, iron imbalance can potentially contribute to initiating and promoting cancer development. Epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between dietary iron intake and the risk of different types of cancer, yet, not all studies have consistently shown a significant association between dietary iron and cancer risk.

Sodium Intake and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Predominantly Low-Income Black and White US Residents.

Importance: Epidemiologic evidence regarding the outcomes of dietary sodium intake on mortality remains limited for low-income individuals, particularly Black people.

Objective: To investigate the associations of excessive dietary sodium with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among predominantly low-income Black and White Americans.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included participants aged 40 to 79 years from the Southern Community Cohort Study who were recruited at Community Health Centers in 12 southeastern states from 2002 to 2009.

Persistent poverty disparities in incidence and outcomes among oral and pharynx cancer patients.

Purpose: Disparities in oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer based on race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status have been reported, but the impact of living within areas that are persistently poor at the time of diagnosis and outcome is unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether the incidence, 5-year relative survival, stage at diagnosis, and mortality among patients with oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers varied by persistent poverty.

Methods: Data were drawn from the SEER database (2006-2017) and included individuals diagnosed with oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers.

Associations between Plasma Tocopherols and Lung Cancer Risk: Results from the Southern Community Cohort Study.

Background: Despite the various anticancer activities of tocopherols, little is known about tocopherols associated with lung cancer risk among low-income African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA) who are disproportionately affected by the disease.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study that included 209 incident lung cancer cases and 406 matched controls within the Southern Community Cohort Study. Using biospecimens collected at cohort enrollment, plasma levels of α-, β/γ-, δ-, and total-tocopherols were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection.

Patient-Provider Discussion About Lung Cancer Screening by Race and Ethnicity: Implications for Equitable Uptake of Lung Cancer Screening.

Background: Physician-patient discussions regarding lung cancer screening (LCS) are uncommon and its racial and ethnic disparities are under-investigated. We examined the racial and ethnic disparities in the trends and frequency of LCS discussion among the LCS-eligible United States (US) population.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Health Information National Trends Survey from 2014 to 2020.

Allostatic load and risk of all-cause, cancer-specific, and cardiovascular mortality in older cancer survivors: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010.

Background: Allostatic load has been linked to an increased risk of death in various populations. However, to date, there is no research specifically investigating the effect of allostatic load on mortality in older cancer survivors.

Aims: To investigate the association between allostatic load (AL) and mortality in older cancer survivors.

The Intersectionality between Race, Ethnicity, and Residential-Level Socioeconomic Status in Disparities of Head and Neck Cancer Outcomes: A SEER Study.

Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) mortality differs by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES). However, it is unclear whether the relationship between race/ethnicity and HNC-specific mortality varies according to the residence-level SES.

Methods: Data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database included participants with primary HNC between 2006 and 2017 (followed through 2018) to assess the joint association of race/ethnicity and census-tract level SES Yost-index groups (quintiles) with all-cause and HNC-specific mortalities.

Pre-diagnostic circulating p53 autoantibodies and subsequent lung cancer risk in low-income African and European Americans.

Introduction: Mutations of the TP53 gene lead to the production of autoantibodies against p53, a major tumor suppressor protein. Although studies have indicated the association of p53 autoantibodies with human cancers, epidemiologic evidence on lung cancer is still lacking.

Methods: In this nested case-control study conducted within the Southern Community Cohort Study, we investigated the association of circulating p53 autoantibodies with the subsequent risk of developing lung cancer.

Associations of Dietary Intakes of Carotenoids and Vitamin A with Lung Cancer Risk in a Low-Income Population in the Southeastern United States.

Observational studies found inverse associations of dietary carotenoids and vitamin A intakes with lung cancer risk. However, interventional trials among high-risk individuals showed that β-carotene supplements increased lung cancer risk. Most of the previous studies were conducted among European descendants or Asians.

Associations of Pre-Diagnostic Serum Levels of Total Bilirubin and Albumin With Lung Cancer Risk: Results From the Southern Community Cohort Study.

Background: Previous studies conducted among European and Asian decedents reported inverse associations of serum total bilirubin and albumin with lung cancer risk. Yet, no study has been conducted among African Americans or low-income European Americans.

Methods: This study included 522 incident lung cancer cases and 979 matched controls nested in the Southern Community Cohort Study, a cohort of predominantly low-income African and European Americans.

Tooth Loss and Risk of Lung Cancer among Urban Chinese Adults: A Cohort Study with Meta-Analysis.

Epidemiological evidence on tooth loss and lung cancer risk remains limited, especially for smoking-specific associations. To investigate the association between tooth loss and lung cancer risk by smoking status, we first analyzed data from the Shanghai Men’s Health Study (n = 49,868) and the Shanghai Women’s Health Study (n = 44,309). Cox regression models were applied to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for lung cancer risk in relation to tooth loss.

Associations of lung cancer risk with biomarkers of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Helicobacter pylori infection has been suggested to be associated with lung cancer risk. However, information is lacking on whether the association differs by H. pylori antigen.

The Role of Thoracic Radiation Therapy Dosing in the Treatment of Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Study Based on the National Cancer Database.

Purpose: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly fatal disease, but its treatment has remained relatively unchanged for decades. Randomized clinical trials evaluating radiation therapy (RT) dosing and fractionation have yielded mixed results on overall survival (OS).

Methods And Materials: We identified 2261 patients with limited-stage (LS) SCLC undergoing definitive RT at 1.

Prospective study of plasma levels of coenzyme Q10 and lung cancer risk in a low-income population in the Southeastern United States.

Background: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a ubiquitous molecule in living organisms serving as a cofactor in energy production. Epidemiological studies have reported low CoQ10 levels being associated with an increased risk of various cancers. We conducted the first study to evaluate the association of CoQ10 concentrations with lung cancer risk.

Association of sleep duration and quality with elevated hs-CRP among healthy Korean adults.

This study aimed to investigate the association of sleep duration and quality with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) among middle-aged and elderly Koreans. Among a total of 74,867 participants (25,069 men and 49,798 women) recruited for the Health Examinees (HEXA) study, adjusted geometric means of hs-CRP level were compared across categories of sleep duration (<6, 6-7, 8-9, and ≥10 hours) and sleep quality (difficulty in initiating sleep and maintaining sleep) using ANCOVA models. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for elevated hs-CRP (>3 mg/L) associated with sleep characteristics were estimated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models.

Urinary metabolites and risk of coronary heart disease: A prospective investigation among urban Chinese adults.

Background And Aims: Studies have linked several metabolites to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among Western populations, but prospective studies among Asian populations on the metabolite-CHD association remain limited.

Methods And Results: We evaluated the association of urinary metabolites with CHD risk among Chinese adults in a nested case-control study of 275 incident cases and 275 matched controls (127 pairs of men and 148 pairs of women). Fifty metabolites were measured by a predefined metabolomics panel and adjusted using urinary creatinine.

Association of oral health with lung cancer risk in a low-income population of African Americans and European Americans in the Southeastern United States.

Objectives: Previous studies have suggested that poor oral health might increase the risk of lung cancer among European- and Asian- descendants. The association has not been investigated among African Americans or socially disadvantaged populations. In this nested case-control study, we investigated whether oral health was associated with lung cancer risk among a low-income population of African Americans and European Americans in the Southeastern United States.

What Are the Major Determinants in the Success of Smoking Cessation: Results from the Health Examinees Study.

Understanding mechanisms underlying smoking-related factors should be prioritized in establishing smoking prevention and cessation policy. The aim of this study was to identify factors significantly associated with smoking initiation and/or smoking cessation as well as the most important determinants of successful smoking cessation in a developed non-Western setting. Based on multiple logistic regression models, the odds ratios (ORs) for smoking initiation and cessation were estimated among males (N = 24,490) who had participated in the Health Examinees (HEXA) study.

Short Sleep Duration and Its Correlates among Cancer Survivors in Korea: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

Background: Though a large proportion of cancer survivors are assumed to be commonly affected by sleep disturbance, few studies have focused on short sleep problems and its correlates among Korean cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of short sleep in adult cancer survivors from a nationwide population-based sample and to identify risk factors for short sleep duration.

Materials And Methods: Based on the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007-2012), 1,045 cancer survivors and 33,929 non-cancer controls were analyzed.

Correlates of self-reported sleep duration in middle-aged and elderly Koreans: from the Health Examinees Study.

Though various factors related to fluctuations in sleep duration have been identified, information remains limited regarding the correlates of short and long sleep duration among the Korean population. Thus, we investigated characteristics that could be associated with short and/or long sleep duration among middle-aged and elderly Koreans. A total of 84,094 subjects (27,717 men and 56,377 women) who participated in the Health Examinees Study were analyzed by using multinomial logistic regression models.