Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulation attenuate mechanical allodynia in mouse model of chronic complex regional pain syndrome by suppressing pathogenic astrocyte activation.

Background And Objectives: FTY720 ((2-amino-2-)2-[4-octylphenyl]ethyl)-1,3-propanediol) is an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved immunomodulatory drug for treating multiple sclerosis. It inhibits lymphocyte egression from lymphoid tissues by downregulating sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor (S1PR). To date, there has been no study on the effects of FTY720 on the chronic stage of the complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) rodent model, despite its antiallodynic effect in previous studies.

The effects of a genetic counseling educational program on hereditary breast cancer for korean healthcare providers.

Purpose: Systematic educational programs and genetic counseling certification courses for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (HBOC) have not yet been introduced in Korea. We provided and evaluated the effects of genetic counseling education on Korean healthcare providers' knowledge, awareness, and counseling skills for patients at high risk of HBOC.

Methods: A 3-day educational program was conducted for healthcare providers who were interested in genetic counseling for patients at high risk of HBOC.