Achalasia in Klinefelter syndrome: A suspected pediatric case as well as prevalence analysis suggesting increased risk in this population.

A 4-year-old male with Klinefelter syndrome (KS), speech delay, and intermittent history of coughing and choking during meals was referred for evaluation. Prior evaluation with computed tomography showed a dilated esophagus at the gastroesophageal junction. The patient was unable to tolerate a barium swallow.

Cushing's Syndrome in Adenocarcinoma of Lung Responding to Osilodrostat.

Cushing's syndrome (CS), secondary to paraneoplastic syndrome, is more commonly seen in small cell lung cancer but never before reported in epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated adenocarcinoma of the lung. Here, we present a case of a patient whose symptoms of hypokalemia, hypertension, and progressive abnormal glucose levels led to further workup that revealed adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent hypercortisolism. Her cortisol levels dropped after 1 month of osilodrostat treatment, while lung cancer was treated with osimertinib.

Artificial Intelligence-Powered Whole-Slide Image Analyzer Reveals a Distinctive Distribution of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Despite the importance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and PD-L1 expression to the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response, a comprehensive assessment of these biomarkers has not yet been conducted in neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN). We collected 218 NENs from multiple organs, including 190 low/intermediate-grade NENs and 28 high-grade NENs. TIL distribution was derived from Lunit SCOPE IO, an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) analyzer, as developed from 17,849 whole slide images.

Role of mass spectrometry-based serum proteomics signatures in predicting clinical outcomes and toxicity in patients with cancer treated with immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy has fundamentally changed the landscape of cancer treatment. However, only a subset of patients respond to immunotherapy, and a significant portion experience immune-related adverse events (irAEs). In addition, the predictive ability of current biomarkers such as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) remains unreliable and establishing better potential candidate markers is of great importance in selecting patients who would benefit from immunotherapy.

Artificial Intelligence-Powered Hematoxylin and Eosin Analyzer Reveals Distinct Immunologic and Mutational Profiles among Immune Phenotypes in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

The tumor microenvironment can be classified into three immune phenotypes: inflamed, immune excluded, and immune-desert. Immunotherapy efficacy has been shown to vary by phenotype; yet, the mechanisms are poorly understood and demand further investigation. This study unveils the mechanisms using an artificial intelligence-powered software called Lunit SCOPE.

Spontaneous reduction of small bowel herniation through the foramen of Winslow: importance of a timely approach.

We present the case of young female patient presenting with acute onset abdominal pain. Abdominopelvic CT revealed herniation through the foramen of Winslow. The patient was transferred to our hospital and underwent laparoscopic exploration.