Response of Makino Plants to Heat Stress and Selection of Superior Clones Using Morphological and Molecular Analysis.

is a medicinal plant cultivated for its rhizomes, which are used in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean traditional medicine. This medicinal crop is highly susceptible to heat stress and cannot be cultivated in regions of higher temperatures. In the present study, ten clones from Korea (clones 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 11, 14, 15, 22, and 26) were evaluated for their heat tolerance in vitro at 25, 30, 32.

Establishment of an Efficient In Vitro Propagation of Makino and Selection of Superior Clones through Flow Cytometric Assessment of DNA Content.

is a valuable medicinal plant cultivated in Asia for its rhizomes. This study reports the in vitro regeneration of plants and the induction of rhizomes from microshoots. The rhizomatous buds of induced multiple shoots on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.

Generation of integration-free induced pluripotent stem cell line (KSCBi012-A) from urinary epithelial cells of a healthy male individual.

A human induced pluripotent cell (hiPSC) line, KSCBi012-A, was generated from a 40-year-old male individual using non-integrating episomal vectors expressing reprogramming factors. The generated hiPSCs were integration-free, expressed pluripotency markers, exhibited the potential for differentiation into three germ layers in vivo, and maintained the normal karyotype. This cell line can be used as a control for a disease model and is available from Korea National Stem Cell Bank.

Long-term and stable antimicrobial properties of immobilized Ni/TiO nanocomposites against Escherichia coli, Legionella thermalis, and MS2 bacteriophage.

Nickel has been extensively used as a high work function metal because of its abundance, low cost, relatively non-toxic nature, and environmentally benign characteristics. However, it has rarely been extended in a form of immobilized composite, which is a practical strategy applicable for photocatalytic antimicrobial activities. In this study, a composite of nickel and TiO (Ni/TiO) was prepared using a photodeposition method, and its antibacterial properties were investigated using Escherichia coli (E.

Quantitative evaluation of the antibacterial factors of ZnO nanorod arrays under dark conditions: Physical and chemical effects on Escherichia coli inactivation.

Although zinc oxide nanorod (ZnO NR) arrays are a nanomaterial that offers efficient bactericidal activity, they have not been systematically evaluated to quantitatively investigate their disinfection mechanism under dark conditions. In this study, ZnO NR arrays of different lengths (0.5-4 μm) were uniformly grown via hydrothermal synthesis.

Thorn-like TiO nanoarrays with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity through physical puncture and photocatalytic action.

To overcome the conventional limitation of TiO disinfection being ineffective under light-free conditions, TiO nanowire films (TNWs) were prepared and applied to bacterial disinfection under dark and UV illumination. TNW exhibited much higher antibacterial efficiencies against Escherichia coli (E. coli) under dark and UV illumination conditions compared to TiO nanoparticle film (TNP) which was almost inactive in the dark, highlighting the additional contribution of the physical interaction between bacterial membrane and NWs.

Differential Microbicidal Effects of Bimetallic Iron-Copper Nanoparticles on Escherichia coli and MS2 Coliphage.

Bimetallic iron-copper nanoparticles (Fe/Cu-NPs) were synthesized by a single-pot surfactant-free method in aqueous solution [via the reduction of ferrous ion to zerovalent iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) and the subsequent copper-coating by metal ion exchange]. The produced Fe/Cu-NPs formed aggregates of spherical nanoparticles (approximately 30-70 nm) of Fe-Cu core-shell structures with 11 wt % copper content. The microbicidal effects of Fe/Cu-NPs were explored on Escherichia coli and MS2 coliphage, surrogates for bacterial and viral pathogens, respectively.

Binder-free immobilization of TiO photocatalyst on steel mesh via electrospraying and hot-pressing and its application for organic micropollutant removal and disinfection.

An immobilized photocatalyst was prepared by thermally treating TiO-coated steel mesh (TiO-IS) in a laboratory hot-press with no binder. TiO coating was performed by electrospraying a 1 mg/mL methanol dispersion of Evonik P25 powder. The thermal treatment conditions at 350 °C, 100 Mpa, and 1 h were found to be the optimum conditions.

Combination of cupric ion with hydroxylamine and hydrogen peroxide for the control of bacterial biofilms on RO membranes.

Combinations of Cu(II) with hydroxylamine (HA) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) (i.e., Cu(II)/HA, Cu(II)/HO, and Cu(II)/HA/HO systems) were investigated for the control of P.

Activation of Oxygen and Hydrogen Peroxide by Copper(II) Coupled with Hydroxylamine for Oxidation of Organic Contaminants.

This study reports that the combination of Cu(II) with hydroxylamine (HA) (referred to herein as Cu(II)/HA system) in situ generates H2O2 by reducing dissolved oxygen, subsequently producing reactive oxidants through the reaction of Cu(I) with H2O2. The external supply of H2O2 to the Cu(II)/HA system (i.e.

Disintegration of Waste Activated Sludge by Thermally-Activated Persulfates for Enhanced Dewaterability.

Oxidation by persulfates at elevated temperatures (thermally activated persulfates) disintegrates bacterial cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composing waste-activated sludge (WAS), facilitating the subsequent sludge dewatering. The WAS disintegration process by thermally activated persulfates exhibited different behaviors depending on the types of persulfates employed, that is, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) versus peroxydisulfate (PDS). The decomposition of PMS in WAS proceeded via a two-phase reaction, an instantaneous decomposition by the direct reaction with the WAS components followed by a gradual thermal decay.

Enhanced Inactivation of Escherichia coli and MS2 Coliphage by Cupric Ion in the Presence of Hydroxylamine: Dual Microbicidal Effects.

The inactivation of Escherichia coli and MS2 coliphage by Cu(II) is found to be significantly enhanced in the presence of hydroxylamine (HA). The addition of a small amount of HA (i.e.

Polyphosphate-enhanced production of reactive oxidants by nanoparticulate zero-valent iron and ferrous ion in the presence of oxygen: Yield and nature of oxidants.

The production of reactive oxidants from nanoparticulate zero-valent iron (nZVI) and ferrous ion (Fe(II)) in the presence of oxygen was greatly enhanced by the addition of tetrapolyphosphate (TPP) as an iron-chelating agent. Compared to other ligands, TPP exhibited superior activity in improving the oxidant yields. The nZVI/TPP/O2 and the Fe(II)/TPP/O2 systems showed similar oxidant yields with respect to the iron consumed, indicating that nZVI only serves as a source of Fe(II).

Pediatric medication error reports in Korea adverse event reporting system database, 1989-2012: comparing with adult reports.

Children have dynamic process of maturation and substantial changes in growth and development which eventually make the drug safety profiles different from adults. Medication errors (MEs) in pediatrics are reported to occur three times more likely than adults. The aims of this study were to identify the characteristics of pediatric MEs in Korea at national level and help raise awareness of risks from the MEs in pediatrics.

Predictive findings of visual outcome in spectral domain optical coherence tomography after ranibizumab treatment in age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To investigate which spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings predict visual outcome after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NV-AMD).

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients with treatment-naïve NV-AMD who underwent three or more consecutive anti-VEGF injections. The patients were divided into three groups according to their changes of visual acuity (VA); improved (group I), static (group S), or worsened (group W).

Oxidant production from corrosion of nano- and microparticulate zero-valent iron in the presence of oxygen: a comparative study.

In aqueous solution, zero-valent iron (ZVI, Fe(0)) is known to activate oxygen (O2) into reactive oxidants such as hydroxyl radical and ferryl ion capable of oxidizing contaminants. However, little is known about the effect of the particle size of ZVI on the yield of reactive oxidants. In this study, the production of reactive oxidants from nanoparticulate and microparticulate ZVIs (denoted as nZVI and mZVI, respectively) was comparatively investigated in the presence of O2 and EDTA.

Microbial inactivation by cupric ion in combination with H2O2: role of reactive oxidants.

The cupric ion mediated inactivation of Escherichia coli was enhanced by the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with increasing inactivation efficacy observed in response to increasing concentrations of H2O2. The biocidal activity of the Cu(II)/H2O2 system is believed to result from the oxidative stress caused by reactive oxidants such as the hydroxyl radical ((•)OH), cupryl species (Cu(III)), and the superoxide radical (O2(•-)), which are produced via the catalytic decomposition of H2O2. In E.

Systematic peptide engineering and structural characterization to search for the shortest antimicrobial peptide analogue of gaegurin 5.

As part of an effort to develop new, low molecular mass peptide antibiotics, we searched for the shortest bioactive analogue of gaegurin 5 (GGN5), a 24-residue antimicrobial peptide. Thirty-one kinds of GGN5 analogues were synthesized, and their biological activities were analyzed against diverse microorganisms and human erythrocytes. The structural properties of the peptides in various solutions were characterized by spectroscopic methods.

Effects of a tryptophanyl substitution on the structure and antimicrobial activity of C-terminally truncated gaegurin 4.

Gaegurin 4 (GGN4), a 37-residue antimicrobial peptide, consists of two amphipathic alpha helices (residues 2-10 and 16-32) connected by a flexible loop region (residues 11-15). As part of an effort to develop new peptide antibiotics with low molecular mass, the activities of C-terminally truncated GGN4 analogues were tested. Delta24-37 GGN4, a peptide analogue with 14 residues truncated from the C-terminus of GGN4, showed a complete loss of antimicrobial activity.

Role of proline, cysteine and a disulphide bridge in the structure and activity of the anti-microbial peptide gaegurin 5.

Gaegurin 5 (GGN5) is a cationic 24-residue anti-microbial peptide isolated from the skin of a Korean frog, Rana rugosa. It contains a central proline residue and an intra-residue disulphide bridge in its C-terminus, which are common to the anti-microbial peptides found in Ranidae. We determined the solution structure of GGN5 bound to SDS micelles for the first time and investigated the role of proline, cysteine and a disulphide bridge on the structure and activity of GGN5.