Visible-Light-Stimulated Optoelectronic Neuromorphic Transistor Based on Indium-Gallium-Zinc Oxide via BiTe Light Absorption Layer.

To emulate a visual perception system, a bismuth telluride (BiTe)/indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) heterostructure is introduced for optoelectronic neuromorphic transistors (ONTs). Amorphous IGZO is applied as a channel layer to exhibit low off-current, high mobility, and persistent photoconductivity, enabling light-stimulated neuromorphic characteristics. The atomic ratio of In/Ga/Zn was 9.

Update of Vocal Fold Shortening With Retrodisplacement of Anterior Commissure for Voice Feminization.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and long-term durability of the enhanced technique of Type II Vocal Fold Shortening and Retrodisplacement of the Anterior Commissure (VFSRAC) for voice feminization compared with the preceding Type I method.

Methods: A retrospective analysis encompassed 506 patients drawn from a cohort of 1025 MtF transgender women who underwent VFSRAC between 2003 and 2021. The study period included cases from 2015 to 2021, during which the Type II update technique was implemented, involving a modification to the suture technique.

Enhanced Electrical Properties and Stability in IGZO TFTs via Low-Temperature Activation with MgO Layer.

We propose the introduction of a magnesium oxide (MgO) layer to reduce the temperature required for the activation of indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin films. By incorporating the MgO layer between the IGZO channel layer and the gate insulator layer, the required activation temperature is lowered from 300 to 200 °C while enhancing the electrical performance of the IGZO thin-film transistor (TFT). Specifically, the field effect mobility is improved from 6.

Effect of Operating Conditions on the Gasification of Pet-Coke Water Slurry in an Entrained-Flow Gasifier Simulation.

Petroleum coke, commonly known as pet-coke, represents a promising and cost-effective alternative fuel source, produced as a byproduct of large-scale heavy crude oil refining. This study first simulated the gasification process of pet-coke slurry using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach based on the Eulerian-Lagrangian method. The simulation was carried out in a 2-ton-per-day (2TPD) entrained-flow gasifier, aiming to optimize the production of hydrogen (H) and carbon monoxide (CO) as synthetic gases.

Tailored Self-Assembled Monolayer using Chemical Coupling for Indium-Gallium-Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors: Multifunctional Copper Diffusion Barrier.

Controlling the contact properties of a copper (Cu) electrode is an important process for improving the performance of an amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) for high-speed applications, owing to the low resistance-capacitance product constant of Cu. One of the many challenges in Cu application to a-IGZO is inhibiting high diffusivity, which causes degradation in the performance of a-IGZO TFT by forming electron trap states. A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) can perfectly act as a Cu diffusion barrier (DB) and passivation layer that prevents moisture and oxygen, which can deteriorate the TFT on-off performance.

Delayed cauda equina syndrome by nerve root incarceration after caudal epidural block: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Caudal epidural block has been commonly practiced in recent years and is used for management of pain before surgery and chronic back pain in adult spine diseases.

Case Presentation: A 58-year-old man visited the outpatient clinic complaining of recently aggravated severe low back pain, saddle anesthesia, and unbearable radiating pain in his left leg, with a previous history of caudal epidural block. He had problems with bladder and bowel function.

Comparison of General and Spinal Anaesthesia on Systemic Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Some of the postoperative complications following orthopaedic surgeries are associated with a systemic inflammatory response (SIR), which varies depending on the anaesthetic technique. We aimed to compare the effects of general and spinal anaesthesia on the SIR after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), based on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Patients who underwent TKA between January 2014 and December 2018 were included.

Ultrasound-Guided Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block Reduces Postoperative Opioid Consumption and Related Side Effects in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.

Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) has been shown to be effective for pain relief after hip surgery. This study evaluated the efficacy of ultrasound-guided anterior QLB in pain control after total replacement hip arthroplasty (TRHA). A total of 115 patients receiving anterior QLB were propensity score-matched with 115 patients who did not receive the block.

Photo-induced Reactive Oxygen Species Activation for Amorphous Indium-Gallium-Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors Using Sodium Hypochlorite.

We proposed a novel material named sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution as a source of activation for amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). We reduced the activation temperature from 300 to 150 °C using NaClO solution (concentration: 50%) and obtained satisfactory electrical characteristics of a-IGZO TFTs. The field-effect mobility, threshold voltage, on/off ratio, subthreshold swing, and threshold voltage () shift under negative bias illumination stress ( = -20 V and = 10.

Low Psoas Lumbar Vertebral Index Is Associated with Mortality after Hip Fracture Surgery in Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Analysis.

The psoas-to-lumbar index (PLVI) has been reported as a simple and easy way to measure central sarcopenia. However, only few studies have evaluated the association between PLVI and survival in surgical patients. This study evaluated the association between preoperative PLVI and mortality in elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery.

Multifunctional Oxygen Scavenger Layer for High-Performance Oxide Thin-Film Transistors with Low-Temperature Processing.

In this study, the oxygen scavenger layer (OSL) is proposed as a back channel in the bilayer channel to enhance both the electrical characteristics and stability of an amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin-film transistor (a-IGZO TFT) and also to enable its fabrication at low temperature. The OSL is a hafnium (Hf)-doped a-IGZO channel layer deposited by radio-frequency magnetron cosputtering. Amorphous IGZO TFTs with the OSL, even if annealed at a low temperature (200 °C), exhibited improved electrical characteristics and stability under positive bias temperature stress (PBTS) compared to those without the OSL, specifically in terms of field-effect mobility (31.

Vertically Graded Oxygen Deficiency for Improving Electrical Characteristics and Stability of Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors.

We investigated a facile fabrication method, which is an insertion of a carrier-induced interlayer (CII) between the oxygen-rich a-IGZO channel and the gate insulator to improve the electrical characteristics and stability of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin-film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs). The a-IGZO channel is deposited with additional oxygen gas flow during a-IGZO channel deposition to improve the stability of the a-IGZO TFTs. The CII is a less than 10 nm thick deposited thin film that acts to absorb the oxygen from the a-IGZO front channel through oxidation.

Immunopathogenesis of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is an autoimmune disorder which affects small- and, to a lesser degree, medium-sized vessels. ANCA-associated vasculitis encompasses three disease phenotypes: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). This classification is largely based on clinical presentations and has several limitations.

Simultaneously Defined Semiconducting Channel Layer Using Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing of a Passivation Layer for Oxide Thin-Film Transistors.

A simple fabrication method for homojunction-structured Al-doped indium-tin oxide (ITO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) using an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet-printed AlO passivation layer with specific line () is proposed. After EHD jet printing, the specific region of the ITO film below the AlO passivation layer changes from a conducting electrode to a semiconducting channel layer simultaneously upon the formation of the passivation layer during thermal annealing. The channel length of the fabricated TFTs is defined by , which can be easily changed with varying EHD jet printing conditions, i.

Vocal Feminization for Transgender Women: Current Strategies and Patient Perspectives.

Voice feminization for transgender women is a highly complicated comprehensive transition process. Voice feminization has been thought to be equal to pitch elevation. Thus, many surgical procedures have only focused on pitch raising for voice feminization.

High Photosensitive Indium-Gallium-Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Phototransistor with a Selenium Capping Layer for Visible-Light Detection.

Visible light can be detected using an indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO)-based phototransistor, with a selenium capping layer (SCL) that functions as a visible light absorption layer. Selenium (Se) exhibits photoconductive properties as its conductivity increases with illumination. We report an IGZO phototransistor with an SCL (SCL/IGZO phototransistor) that demonstrated optimal photoresponse characteristics when the SCL was 150 nm thick.

Montelukast Nanocrystals for Transdermal Delivery with Improved Chemical Stability.

A novel nanocrystal system of montelukast (MTK) was designed to improve the transdermal delivery, while ensuring chemical stability of the labile compound. MTK nanocrystal suspension was fabricated using acid-base neutralization and ultra-sonication technique and was characterized as follows: approximately 100 nm in size, globular shape, and amorphous state. The embedding of MTK nanocrystals into xanthan gum-based hydrogel caused little changes in the size, shape, and crystalline state of the nanocrystal.

Design and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Triamcinolone Acetonide Microcrystals-Loaded PLGA Microsphere for Increased Drug Retention in Knees after Intra-Articular Injection.

A novel polymeric microsphere (MS) containing micronized triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in a crystalline state was structured to provide extended drug retention in joints after intra-articular (IA) injection. Microcrystals with a median diameter of 1.7 μm were prepared by ultra-sonication method, and incorporated into poly(lactic--glycolic acid)/poly(lactic acid) (PLGA/PLA) MSs using spray-drying technique.

Pharmacokinetics and four-week repeated-dose toxicity of hyaluronic acid and ketorolac combination following intra-articular administration in normal rats.

Intra-articular (IA) injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) in combination with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ketorolac (KL), have been clinically investigated to provide more rapid and profound pain relief in patients with osteoarthritis. However, its safety, local tolerance, and potential for pharmacokinetic interaction have not been assessed. In this study, the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of a combination of HA and KL were evaluated in normal rats following four-week repeated-dose injection.

Staged Repair of Truncus Arteriosus Associated with Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect.

We report a case of successful repair of truncus arteriosus (TA) associated with complete atrioventricular septal defect (c-AVSD) using a staged approach. TA associated with c-AVSD is a very rare congenital cardiac anomaly. No report of successful staged repair in South Korea has yet been published.

Effect of Zn on Pore Characteristics in Lotus-Type Porous Cu.

The effect of Zn on pore characteristics in lotus-type porous Cu alloy was investigated. The lotustype porous Cu-Zn alloys were fabricated with Zn content from 0.01 to 0.

State of education regarding ultrasound-guided interventions during pain fellowships in Korea: a survey of recent fellows.

Background: Recently, the use of ultrasound (US) techniques in regional anesthesia and pain medicine has increased significantly. However, the current extent of training in the use of US-guided pain management procedures in Korea remains unknown. The purpose of the present study was to assess the current state of US training provided during Korean Pain Society (KPS) pain fellowship programs through the comparative analysis between training hospitals.

Combination therapy of BRAF inhibitors for advanced melanoma with BRAF V600 mutation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Although BRAF inhibitors have been used to treat advanced melanoma with BRAF mutation, combination strategies are suggested due to acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of BRAF inhibitor-based combination therapy for the treatment of advanced melanoma with BRAF mutation.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that compared BRAF inhibitor-based combination therapy with BRAF inhibitor monotherapy.

A New Conceptual Approach for Voice Feminization: 12 Years of Experience.

Objectives/hypothesis: Voice feminization has been developed with various surgical techniques to increase voice pitch. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 12 years of experience using a new endoscopical surgical technique, vocal fold shortening and retrodisplacement of the anterior commissure (VFSRAC) and retraining the voice pattern performed in female patients with androphonia or male-to-female transsexuals.

Study Design: Retrospective study.