Penilumamide, a novel SIRT1 activator, protects UVB-induced photodamages in HaCaT cells.

Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation is a major physical factor that induces structural changes in human skin. The aim of this study was to determine whether the novel silent information regulator 1 (sirtuin 1 SIRT1) protein activator, penilumamide, exerted any protective effects against UVB-induced skin damage using human HaCaT keratinocytes as a model. Enzymatic assays were performed to determine the SIRT1-activating ability of penilumamide, which was compared with that of resveratrol, a potent natural product SIRT1 activator with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Management strategies for radio-recurrent prostate cancer: a comprehensive review.

Radiation- (radio-)recurrent prostate cancer poses a significant challenge in clinical management due to its complexity and varied treatment responses. The recurrence of prostate cancer following radiotherapy necessitates a nuanced management strategy that considers disease stage and aggressiveness, patient health status, and prior treatment modalities. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a cornerstone in the management of regional or distant relapse, often initiates the therapeutic cascade, effectively suppressing tumor growth by targeting androgen signaling.

Sulfur powder utilization and denitrification efficiency in an elemental sulfur-based membrane bioreactor with coagulant addition.

The integration of elemental sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification with membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology offers a cost-effective solution for nitrate removal; however, stable operation demands efficient sulfur utilization and phosphorus management. This study explores sulfur consumption dynamics and the impacts of coagulant injection on denitrification efficiency. Sulfur consumption was closely correlated with nitrate removal rates, highlighting the critical role of stoichiometric sulfur availability for sustained denitrification.

Comparative analysis of analgesic efficacy and functional recovery in open pancreaticoduodenectomy: a randomized controlled trial of local anesthetic wound infiltration, transversus abdominis plane block, and intramuscular electrical stimulation.

Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is associated with severe postoperative pain. Optimized pain management can potentially elevate patients' postoperative quality of life. This study focused on comparing the analgesic efficacy and subsequent functional recovery of three techniques, continuous local wound infiltration (LWI), four-quadrant transversus abdominis plane (4QTAP) block, and needle electrical twitch obtaining intramuscular stimulation (NETOIMS), in patients subjected to open PD.

The diverse landscape of RNA modifications in cancer development and progression.

Background: RNA modifications, a central aspect of epitranscriptomics, add a regulatory layer to gene expression by modifying RNA function without altering nucleotide sequences. These modifications play vital roles across RNA species, influencing RNA stability, translation, and interaction dynamics, and are regulated by specific enzymes that add, remove, and interpret these chemical marks.

Objective: This review examines the role of aberrant RNA modifications in cancer progression, exploring their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as therapeutic targets.

Targeted SPP1 Inhibition of Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells Effectively Decreases Tumor Sizes.

Secreted phosphosprotein 1 (SPP1) tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are abundant tumor myeloid cells that are immunosuppressive, pro-tumorigenic, and have a highly negative prognostic factor. Despite this, there is a lack of efficient TAM-specific therapeutics capable of reducing SPP1 expression. Here, on a phenotypic screen is reported to identify small molecule SPP1 modulators in macrophages.

Clinical outcome and complications after simultaneous bilateral medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy.

Background: The literature provides limited evidence regarding postoperative outcomes and complications following simultaneous bilateral medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO). This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes and complications associated with simultaneous bilateral MOWHTO.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 72 knees from 36 patients (mean age, 58.

Photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy synergy: mechanistic insights and cellular responses against glioblastoma multiforme.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive form of brain cancer, poses substantial challenges to effective treatment due to its complex and infiltrative nature, making it difficult to manage. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT), have emerged as promising individual treatment options against GBM due to their least-invasive approach. However, both PDT and SDT have drawbacks that require careful consideration.

Differential susceptibility to hypoxia in hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)-targeted freshwater water flea Daphnia magna mutants.

The water flea, Daphnia magna, serves as a key model organism for investigating the response of aquatic organisms to environmental stressors, including hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) is a central regulatory protein involved in the cellular response to hypoxic conditions. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to create D.

Oxygenating respiratoid biosystem for therapeutic cell transplantation.

In this study, we address the persistent challenge of providing adequate oxygen to transplanted cells by introducing a respiratoid biosystem. Central to our strategy is the chloroplast-transit-peptide (CTP), crucial for optimal oxygenation. Through conjugation of CTP with alginate, we achieve stabilization of chloroplast structure.

Thione-Directed C-H Amidation of Chromone Analogues with Dioxazolones under Rh(III) Catalysis.

Sulfur-containing organic molecules are recognized as promising candidates for catalytic C-H functionalization and medicinal chemistry owing to the exceptional ability of the sulfur atom to bind to transition metals and target enzymes. In this study, we report the Rh(III)-catalyzed thione-directed C-H amidation of various thiochromone analogues derived from flavones, isoflavones, and xanthones. Post-transformations of C5-amidated thiochromone products were investigated, and a series of mechanistic studies were performed.

A rare case of a large solid pseudopapillary neoplasm with extensive liver metastasis.

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) are uncommon pancreatic tumors that primarily affect young females. We report a case of a 24-year-old female diagnosed with SPN and liver metastasis during a routine examination. Imaging revealed an 8-cm pancreatic mass with multiple liver metastases.

Workforce, task performance, and analysis of organ transplant coordinators in Korea: a survey study.

Background: The workload of organ transplant coordinators is increasing as administrative tasks become more diverse with changing laws and regulations. These changes have heightened the demand for organ transplant coordinators with expertise in the field. This study aimed to determine the status of human resources of organ transplant coordinators and conduct job analysis using the Developing A Curriculum (DACUM) method.

Therapeutic potential of bark extracts from on renal fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

(MD) bark is commonly utilized in traditional medicine for diabetes prevention and treatment. The bark extract of MD is rich in prenyl or farnesyl flavonoids and stilbenes, which possess antioxidant properties. Although data suggest the potential therapeutic benefits of the use of MD in treating diabetic nephropathy (DN), the precise mechanisms underlying MD-initiated protective effects against DN are not well understood.

Molecular Events in Response to Triclosan-Induced Oxidative Stress in CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated -Targeted Mutants in .

Triclosan (TCS), a widely used antimicrobial agent, has been implicated in the oxidative stress induction and disruption of cellular processes in aquatic organisms. As TCS is ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, many previous studies have documented the effects of exposure to TCS on aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, most of the research has concentrated on the molecular and physiological responses of TCS, but there are still limited studies on the function of specific genes and the consequences of their absence.

Biocompatible and nondegradable microcapsules using an ethylamine-bridged EGCG dimer for successful therapeutic cell transplantation.

Conventional alginate microcapsules are widely used for encapsulating therapeutic cells to reduce the host immune response. However, the exchange of monovalent cations with divalent cations for crosslinking can lead to a sol-gel phase transition, resulting in gradual degradation and swelling of the microcapsules in the body. To address this limitation, we present a biocompatible and nondegradable epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-based microencapsulation with ethylamine-bridged EGCG dimers (EGCG(d)), denoted as 'Epi-Capsules'.

Postoperative distress and influencing factors in patients with pancreatobiliary cancer.

This study aimed to investigate distress levels, using the distress thermometer (DT), and the factors associated with distress in postoperative patients with pancreatobiliary cancer. This study retrospectively investigated 155 patients who underwent surgery for pancreatobiliary cancer between December 1, 2019 and September 30, 2021. The DT and problem list were used to measure distress.

Tenovin-1, a Selective SIRT1/2 Inhibitor, Attenuates High-fat Diet-induced Hepatic Fibrosis via Inhibition of HSC Activation in ZDF Rats.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression to advanced stages, especially upon high-fat diet (HFD). HFD-induced hepatic fibrosis can be marked by oxidative stress, inflammation, and activation of hepatic stellate cells. Sirtuin 1/2 (SIRT1/2), NAD-dependent class III histone deacetylases, are involved in attenuation of fibrosis.

Next generation risk assessment of biocides (PHMG-p and CMIT/MIT)-induced pulmonary fibrosis using adverse outcome pathway-based transcriptome analysis.

Next-generation risk assessment (NGRA) has emerged as a promising alternative to non-animal studies owing to the increasing demand for the risk assessment of inhaled toxicants. In this study, NGRA was used to assess the inhalation risks of two biocides commonly used as humidifier disinfectants: polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p) and chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT). Human bronchial epithelial cell transcriptomic data were processed based on adverse outcome pathways and used to establish transcriptome-based points of departure (tPODs) for each biocide.

Oxidative stress-mediated deleterious effects of hypoxia in the brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis.

In this study, we investigated the acute toxicity, in vivo effects, oxidative stress, and gene expression changes caused by hypoxia on the brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis. The no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of 48 h of hypoxia exposure was found to be 2 mg/L O. Chronic exposure to NOEC caused a significant decline in lifespan but had no effect on total fecundity.

Visualization of Multiple-Resonance-Induced Frontier Molecular Orbitals in a Single Multiple-Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecule.

The spatial distribution and electronic properties of the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) in a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecule contribute significantly to the TADF properties, and thus, a detailed understanding and sophisticated control of the FMOs are fundamental to the design of TADF molecules. However, for multiple-resonance (MR)-TADF molecules that achieve spatial separation of FMOs by the MR effect, the distinctive distribution of these molecular orbitals poses significant challenges for conventional computational analysis and ensemble averaging methods to elucidate the FMOs' separation and the precise mechanism of luminescence. Therefore, the visualization and analysis of electronic states with the specific energy level of a single MR-TADF molecule will provide a deeper understanding of the TADF mechanism.