Occupational fall injuries presenting to the emergency department.

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate occupational and fall injuries presenting to the ED, the risk factors associated with falls among all occupational injuries, and factors affecting prognosis.

Methods: Data from ED-based Occupational Injury Surveillance System were analysed to investigate the occupational injuries. The 2147 occupational injury subjects were divided into two groups: fall (n = 213, 9.

Comprehensive evaluation of layer separation tendency of novel three-layered tablets with geometric and mechanical properties.

The layer separation tendency of a novel three-layered matrix tablet was investigated according to various physical properties and novel experiments. Even though layer separation did not occur during manufacturing process and storage, it was observed during a dissolution test depending on the mid-layer formulation. According to the powder properties of the mid-layer substances, Form A, which had higher porosity and lower density than Form B, displayed a tendency of layer separation.

Tunable-focus liquid lens system controlled by antagonistic winding-type SMA actuator.

A new tunable-focus liquid lens system is proposed that consists of a liquid-filled PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) membrane, special liquid injection mechanism based on a cam structure, antagonistic winding-type SMA(shape memory alloys) actuator for changing the surface curvature of the membrane, and liquid injection control system, including a digital signal processing board and actuator driver board. The focal length of the liquid lens is adjusted by changing the radius of the curvature of the liquid lens through redistributing the liquid using an injection mechanism. In the case of liquid lens systems using conventional injection mechanisms, the nonlinear relationship between the focal length change and the actuator displacement makes it difficult to control the focal length of the lens system, as there is only a narrow control range for adjusting the focal length over a wide range.

Biomimetic variable-focus lens system controlled by winding-type SMA actuator.

Inspired by the biomechanics of the human eye, which includes a crystalline lens, ciliary muscles, and zonular fibers, the proposed variablefocus lens system consists of a PDMS lens, winding-type SMA actuator, and load arms. The PDMS lens is encircled and stretched by the load arms joined to an outer ring that is rotated by the winding-type SMA actuator, thereby changing the focal length of the lens. In contrast to other single tunable-focus lenses, the proposed system uses a gel-type PDMS lens, which is insensitive to gravity and external vibration, and can be made into a biconvex or aspheric shape.