Introduction: The clinical feasibility and applicability of surface landmarks for Baxter nerve entrapment to proximal and distal sites is unclear. This study provides anatomical guidelines for optimal transducer placement using two specific landmarks, the most inferior tip of the medial malleolus (A) and the most protruding posterior tip of the calcaneus (B), to enhance the diagnostic and therapeutic injection efficacy for proximal and distal entrapment sites.
Materials And Methods: Eighty-six feet from 45 fresh cadavers (25 male and 20 female) were dissected to determine Baxter's nerve (BN) localization.
We propose a new drain-extended FinFET (DeFinFET) that can improve the intrinsic gain (g/g) and the electrical safe operating area (SOA). This structure features a novel utilization of the drain potential by using a floating poly (FP) and split high-k material (HK) on the drain and drift regions. This method effectively controls the potential drop profile within the drift region, which makes a uniform electric field distribution in the gate-on state.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSurg Radiol Anat
December 2024
Purpose: Traditional dissection methods are primarily limited by challenges in identifying minute structures, which can lead to irreversible tissue damage. Anatomical observation of the larynx is particularly challenging in educational and clinical settings owing to its microscopic structures and complex three-dimensional (3D) nature, making it difficult to dissect. Therefore, this study aimed to demonstrate that micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging of the larynx can serve as an effective alternative for educational and clinical purposes, overcoming these limitations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: A comprehensive understanding of neural distribution within the vastus medialis is crucial for the effective administration of botulinum neurotoxin injections to manage spasticity. The aim of this study was to develop an anatomically informed approach to guide the administration of botulinum neurotoxin injections into the vastus medialis muscle.
Methods: Using a modified Sihler's method, we examined the vastus medialis muscles (20 specimens) to delineate the distribution of nerves relative to a transverse line extending from the anterior superior iliac spine to the base of patella.
This study aimed to elucidate the intramuscular distribution pattern of the medial plantar nerve and determine its motor nerve ending territories within the abductor hallucis muscle using modified Sihler's staining and external anatomical landmarks. The study included 40 specimens of the abductor hallucis muscle (13 men and seven women) from formalin-fixed (ten cadavers) and fresh cadavers (ten cadavers), with a mean age of 77.6 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: To determine the ultrasonographic (US) features that could help to distinguish between parathyroid masses abutting the thyroid gland and thyroid masses extending into the parathyroid area.
Materials And Methods: Two blinded readers retrospectively evaluated the US images of 76 histopathologically confirmed parathyroid masses abutting the thyroid gland and 34 thyroid masses extending into the parathyroid area. Maximal diameter, transverse diameter/anterior-posterior diameter (T/AP) ratio, longitudinal diameter/AP diameter (L/AP) ratio, margin, shape, echogenicity, echotexture, and echogenic interface were evaluated and compared between the two groups.
Botulinum neurotoxin (BNT) injection into the cricopharyngeus muscle (CPM) under ultrasound (US) guidance is a minimally invasive technique performed to relieve cricopharyngeal dysphagia by reducing CPM spasticity. This technique is basically accessible only to both lateral sides of the CPM. This cadaveric study aimed to evaluate whether US-guided injection could effectively deliver BNT to abundant areas of gross nerve endings within the CPM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Ultrasonography (US) has become an essential tool for guiding botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections in facial muscles, enhancing precision and safety. This narrative review explores the role of US in BoNT administration, particularly in complex anatomical regions, highlighting its impact on treatment customization, real-time visualization, and complication reduction.
Materials And Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library for articles published from January 2018 to December 2023.
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate neural patterns within the gluteus maximus (Gmax) muscle to identify optimal EMG placement and injection sites for botulinum toxin and other injectable agents.
Methods: This study used 10 fixed and 1 non-fixed adult Korean cadavers. Intramuscular arborization patterns were confirmed in the cranial, middle, and caudal segments of 20 Gmax muscles using Sihler staining.
Background: Patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) have a high risk of stroke or death. We investigated whether extracranial to intracranial bypass surgery can reduce mortality by preventing strokes in patients with MMD.
Methods And Results: This nationwide retrospective cohort study encompassed patients with MMD registered under the Rare Intractable Diseases program via the Relieved Co-Payment Policy between 2006 and 2019, using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database.
Pectoralis Minor Syndrome (PMS) causes significant discomfort due to the compression of the neurovascular bundle within the retropectoralis minor space. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections have emerged as a potential treatment method; however, their effectiveness depends on accurately locating the injection site. In this study, we aimed to identify optimal BoNT injection sites for PMS treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: This study aimed to verify the value of arterial spin labeling (ASL) collateral perfusion estimation for predicting functional outcomes in acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke.
Methods: This secondary analysis of an ongoing prospective observational study included data from participants with acute ischemic stroke due to steno-occlusion of the internal carotid artery and/or the middle cerebral artery within 8 h of symptom onset. We compared the collateral map, which is a 5-phase collateral imaging derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography, and ASL to validate the ASL collateral perfusion estimation.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the morphology of the three parts of the infraspinatus muscle based on surface landmarks for precise and effective access, and to propose the most effective fine-wire electrode insertion technique and sites.
Methods: Fifteen Asian fresh cadavers were used. We investigated the probability of the presence of the superior, middle, and inferior parts in each infraspinatus muscle based on surface landmarks.
Histological and naked-eye dissections are frequently used to investigate human anatomy. However, limitations of conventional methods include tissue damage and difficulty in observing structures, rendering findings limited. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) allows for a three-dimensional observation with whole-mount staining for contrast enhancement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: This study evaluated the collateral map's ability to predict lesion growth and penumbra after acute anterior circulation ischemic strokes.
Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of selected data from a prospectively collected database. The lesion growth ratio was the ratio of the follow-up lesion volume to the baseline lesion volume on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).
Background: The platysmal band is created by the platysma muscle, a thin superficial muscle that covers the entire neck and the lower part of the face. The platysmal band appears at the anterior and posterior borders of the muscle. To date, no definite pathophysiology has been established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: The adductor pollicis muscle is frequently targeted for botulinum neurotoxin injective treatment for spasticity. However, there are no injective guidelines for delivering injection to the muscle.
Materials And Methods: A method known as the modified Sihler's method was used to stain the adductor pollicis muscle in 16 specimens to reveal intramuscular neural distribution of the muscle.
Introduction: The obturator internus muscle is frequently targeted for injective treatments such as botulinum toxin injections in the management of pain syndromes. However, there are controversies over injective method delivering injection to the muscle.
Method: A method called modified Sihler's method was used to stain the OI muscle in 16 specimens to reveal the intramuscular neural distribution of the muscle.
Objective: Collateral circulation is associated with the differential treatment effect of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to verify the ability of the collateral map to predict futile EVT in patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke.
Methods: This secondary analysis of a prospective observational study included data from participants underwent EVT for acute ischemic stroke due to occlusion of the internal carotid artery and/or the middle cerebral artery within 8 hours of symptom onset.
Background: Despite the advantages of ultrasound and previous anatomical data on neuromuscular junction locations, to the best of our knowledge, the feasibility and accuracy of precise ultrasound-guided injection techniques into the proposed injection site of botulinum neurotoxin for the levator scapulae muscle have not been assessed in any publication.
Objective: In the present cadaver-based study, the ultrasound-guided injection technique in the middle and distal portions of the levator scapulae muscle was evaluated to determine whether this method distributes injections properly to the target muscle in fresh cadavers.
Study Design: Cadaveric study.
Background: Botulinum neurotoxin treatment typically focuses on the teres major muscle as a primary target for addressing shoulder spasticity. The muscle is located deep within a large muscle group and optimal injection locations have not been identified.
Objective: To identify the preferred location for administering botulinum toxin injections in the teres major muscle.
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection for the treating plunged nose, post-rhinopasty and hyaluronic filler migration is common procedures in clinical settings. However, the lack of thorough anatomical understanding makes it difficult to locate the nose region muscles. The anatomical considerations concerned with BoNT injection into the nasalis, levator labii superioris alaeque, and depressor septi nasi muscles were reviewed in this study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Anatomical landmarks can provide vital information on the distribution of nerves in the gastrocnemius muscle. We aimed to provide an anatomical perspective on appropriate locations for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections in the medial and lateral parts of the gastrocnemius for calf shaping.
Materials And Methods: A modified Sihler's method was applied to both the medial and lateral parts of the gastrocnemius muscles (16 specimens).