Deliberative control is more than just reactive: Insights from sequential sampling models.

Activating relevant responses is a key function of automatic processes in De Neys's model; however, what determines the order or magnitude of such activation is ambiguous. Focusing on recently developed sequential sampling models of choice, we argue that proactive control shapes response generation but does not cleanly fit into De Neys's automatic-deliberative distinction, highlighting the need for further model development.

Clinical features and long-term treatment outcome of posterior scleritis.

Background: To analyze the clinical characteristics and long-term treatment outcomes of patients with posterior scleritis.

Methods: This retrospective, observational case series analyzed medical records of 14 patients diagnosed with infectious or non-infectious posterior scleritis between May 2005 and March 2020 at Severance Hospital and Gangnam Severance Hospital.

Results: A total of 12 patients with non-infectious and two with infectious posterior scleritis were treated.

Factors Related to Axial Length Elongation in Myopic Children Who Received 0.05% Atropine Treatment.

To evaluate the longitudinal changes of axial length (AL) and factors associated with AL growth in myopic children receiving 0.05% atropine. This single-center retrospective study included children aged 4-13 years with myopia of at least -0.

Tube-Iris Distance and Corneal Endothelial Cell Damage Following Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation.

The most significant factor for endothelial cell loss should be readily identified, since prevention is the most crucial treatment. Here, we investigate risk factors for corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) decline following Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation and determine the optimal cut-off values. This study included 103 eyes (95 patients) with glaucoma that underwent AGV implantation between January 2006 and January 2021 at a single medical center (Severance Hospital).

Prediction of the Immune Phenotypes of Bladder Cancer Patients for Precision Oncology.

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common urinary malignancy; however accurate diagnosis and prediction of recurrence after therapies remain elusive. This study aimed to develop a biosignature of immunotherapy-based responses using gene expression data. Publicly available BC datasets were collected, and machine learning (ML) approaches were applied to identify a novel biosignature to differentiate patient subgroups.

Oxygen care and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in ocular and neurological prognosis.

This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the effects of neonatal oxygen care and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treatment on ROP-related ocular and neurological prognoses. We included premature infants treated for ROP at a tertiary referral center between January 2006 and December 2019. Demographic and clinical data were collected from electronic medical records.

Clinical features and long-term treatment outcomes in choroidal tuberculoma.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with choroidal tuberculoma.

Methods: In this retrospective, observational case series, the medical records of five patients with choroidal tuberculoma who were followed up at a university hospital for at least 6 months were analyzed.

Results: Of five patients, one was male and four were female.

Investigating the Relationship between Glaucoma Prevalence and Trabecular Meshwork Length.

Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness worldwide, but the risk factors of glaucoma are yet to be fully understood. We investigated the relationship between the prevalence of glaucoma and trabecular meshwork (TM) length by comparing the mean TM length of a South Korean population with that of another ethnic population. We included 250 eyes of 125 patients who underwent anterior segment optical coherence tomography at Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital between January 2015 and December 2017.

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Age and Trabecular Meshwork Height to Predict the Risk of Glaucoma.

This study evaluated age-related trabecular meshwork (TM) height variations in the eyes of adults in different age groups. We hypothesised that a reduction in TM occurs with increasing age. This retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital between January 2015 and June 2019.

Extensive and divergent chromosomal losses in squamous and spindle-cell components of esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the esophagus is an unusual type of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with a variable component of sarcomatoid spindle cells (SA). The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) involving multiple cancer-associated chromosomal arms has been reported to have a concerted, rather than an individual, effect on tumor progression. In order to delineate the role of LOH in the evolution of a biphasic tumor, the carcinoma in situ (CIS), invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC), and SA components from a sarcomatoid carcinoma of the esophagus were compared for their clonality and extent of LOH.