Comparative clinical outcomes of irrigation techniques in burr-hole craniostomy for chronic subdural hemorrhage: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Chronic Subdural Hemorrhage(cSDH) is often treated with surgical blood drainage, but concerns about recurrence and outcomes persist. Surgical techniques, including irrigation, vary. This study compares the outcomes of irrigation in cSDH surgery.

New sector morphologies emerge from anisotropic colony growth.

Competition during range expansions is of great interest from both practical and theoretical view points. Experimentally, range expansions are often studied in homogeneous Petri dishes, which lack spatial anisotropy that might be present in realistic populations. Here, we analyze a model of anisotropic growth, based on coupled Kardar-Parisi-Zhang and Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov equations that describe surface growth and lateral competition.

Biodiversity is enhanced by sequential resource utilization and environmental fluctuations via emergent temporal niches.

How natural communities maintain their remarkable biodiversity and which species survive in complex communities are central questions in ecology. Resource competition models successfully explain many phenomena but typically predict only as many species as resources can coexist. Here, we demonstrate that sequential resource utilization, or diauxie, with periodic growth cycles can support many more species than resources.

Assessing generalisability of deep learning-based polyp detection and segmentation methods through a computer vision challenge.

Polyps are well-known cancer precursors identified by colonoscopy. However, variability in their size, appearance, and location makes the detection of polyps challenging. Moreover, colonoscopy surveillance and removal of polyps are highly operator-dependent procedures and occur in a highly complex organ topology.

Optimal method for reliable lateral spread response monitoring during microvascular decompression surgery for hemifacial spasm.

In this study, we propose an optimal method for monitoring the key electrophysiological sign, the Lateral Spread Response (LSR), during microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery for hemifacial spasm (HFS). Current monitoring methods and interpretations of LSR remain unclear, leading to potential misinterpretations and undesirable outcomes." We prospectively collected data from patients undergoing MVD for HFS, including basic demographics, clinical characteristics, and surgical outcomes.

Interfacial morphodynamics of proliferating microbial communities.

In microbial communities, various cell types often coexist by occupying distinct spatial domains. What determines the shape of the interface between such domains-which in turn influences the interactions between cells and overall community function? Here, we address this question by developing a continuum model of a 2D spatially-structured microbial community with two distinct cell types. We find that, depending on the balance of the different cell proliferation rates and substrate friction coefficients, the interface between domains is either stable and smooth, or unstable and develops finger-like protrusions.

Outcomes after Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm without Definite Radiological Neurovascular Compression at the Root Exit Zone.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome of microvascular decompression (MVD) in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) who have no definite radiological neurovascular compression (NVC). Sixteen HFS patients without radiological NVC on preoperative MRI underwent MVD surgery. The symptoms were left-sided in fourteen (87.

Penetrating Offenders in Hemifacial Spasm: Surgical Tactics and Prognosis.

(1) Background: In cases of hemifacial spasm (HFS), there are various patterns related to the vascular compression of the facial nerve, including a very rare form that is seen when the offending vessel penetrates the facial nerve. However, there have been few reports in the literature regarding the associated surgical techniques and postoperative prognosis. (2) Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 4755 patients who underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery from April 1997 to June 2023.

Interplay between morphology and competition in two-dimensional colony expansion.

In growing populations, the fate of mutations depends on their competitive ability against the ancestor and their ability to colonize new territory. Here we present a theory that integrates both aspects of mutant fitness by coupling the classic description of one-dimensional competition (Fisher equation) to the minimal model of front shape (Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation). We solve these equations and find three regimes, which are controlled solely by the expansion rates, solely by the competitive abilities, or by both.

Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage after Microvascular Decompression Surgery: Clinical Strategy.

(1) Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is one of the most common complications of microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery. Before fatal complications, such as intracranial infection, occur, early recognition and prompt treatment are essential. (2) Methods: The clinical data of 475 patients who underwent MVD surgery from September 2020 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.

Resource competition can explain simplicity in microbial community assembly.

Predicting the composition and diversity of communities is a central goal in ecology. While community assembly is considered hard to predict, laboratory microcosms often follow a simple assembly rule based on the outcome of pairwise competitions. This assembly rule predicts that a species that is excluded by another species in pairwise competition cannot survive in a multispecies community with that species.

An induced annual modulation signature in COSINE-100 data by DAMA/LIBRA's analysis method.

The DAMA/LIBRA collaboration has reported the observation of an annual modulation in the event rate that has been attributed to dark matter interactions over the last two decades. However, even though tremendous efforts to detect similar dark matter interactions were pursued, no definitive evidence has been observed to corroborate the DAMA/LIBRA signal. Many studies assuming various dark matter models have attempted to reconcile DAMA/LIBRA's modulation signals and null results from other experiments, however no clear conclusion can be drawn.

Communications and High-Precision Positioning (CHP2): Hardware Architecture, Implementation, and Validation.

Spectral congestion and modern consumer applications motivate radio technologies that efficiently cooperate with nearby users and provide several services simultaneously. We designed and implemented a joint positioning-communications system that simultaneously enables network communications, timing synchronization, and localization to a variety of airborne and ground-based platforms. This Communications and High-Precision Positioning (CHP2) system simultaneously performs communications and precise ranging (<10 cm) with a narrow band waveform (10 MHz) at a carrier frequency of 915 MHz (US ISM) or 783 MHz (EU Licensed).

Competition on the edge of an expanding population.

In growing populations, the fate of mutations depends on their competitive ability against the ancestor and their ability to colonize new territory. Here we present a theory that integrates both aspects of mutant fitness by coupling the classic description of one-dimensional competition (Fisher equation) to the minimal model of front shape (KPZ equation). We solved these equations and found three regimes, which are controlled solely by the expansion rates, solely by the competitive abilities, or by both.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Intensive Integrative Treatment including Motion Style Acupuncture Treatment (MSAT) in Hospitalized Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation: An Observational Study.

This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of and satisfaction with integrative Korean medicine treatment and motion style acupuncture treatment (MSAT) in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). We retrospectively analyzed medical charts and prospectively surveyed adult patients aged between 19 and 64 years treated for lumbar disc herniation for at least 6 days at three Korean hospitals from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020. The primary outcome was the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for back pain.

Effect of Microstructure on Photo-Induced Current Characteristics of Eu-Doped SrAlO.

Research interest is active in Eu/Dy-doped SrAlO phosphors, and the photocurrent characteristics of Eu-doped SrAlO without Dy was investigated extensively. However, it exhibits a low photocurrent of ~1 μA owing to high resistance. In this study, the changes in a photo-induced current with grain size were examined.

Hemodynamic protective effects of epinephrine containing saline irrigation in biportal endoscopic lumbar surgery.

During endoscopic orthopedic surgery, epinephrine mixed with irrigation saline is frequently used to improve visualization. By monitoring hemodynamic parameters throughout the procedure, we intended to discover the hemodynamic effect of epinephrine between the normal saline irrigation fluid without epinephrine group (NS) and normal saline irrigation fluid with epinephrine group (EPI). Patients who underwent 1-level lumbar decompression or discectomy surgery without fusion between August 2019 and July 2020 were reviewed retrospectively.

Diauxic lags explain unexpected coexistence in multi-resource environments.

How the coexistence of species is affected by the presence of multiple resources is a major question in microbial ecology. We experimentally demonstrate that differences in diauxic lags, which occur as species deplete their own environments and adapt their metabolisms, allow slow-growing microbes to stably coexist with faster-growing species in multi-resource environments despite being excluded in single-resource environments. In our focal example, an Acinetobacter species (Aci2) competitively excludes Pseudomonas aurantiaca (Pa) on alanine and on glutamate.

Slow expanders invade by forming dented fronts in microbial colonies.

Most organisms grow in space, whether they are viruses spreading within a host tissue or invasive species colonizing a new continent. Evolution typically selects for higher expansion rates during spatial growth, but it has been suggested that slower expanders can take over under certain conditions. Here, we report an experimental observation of such population dynamics.

Strong constraints from COSINE-100 on the DAMA dark matter results using the same sodium iodide target.

We present new constraints on dark matter interactions using 1.7 years of COSINE-100 data. The COSINE-100 experiment, consisting of 106 kg of tallium-doped sodium iodide [NaI(Tl)] target material, is aimed to test DAMA’s claim of dark matter observation using the same NaI(Tl) detectors.

Environmental fluctuations reshape an unexpected diversity-disturbance relationship in a microbial community.

Environmental disturbances have long been theorized to play a significant role in shaping the diversity and composition of ecosystems. However, an inability to specify the characteristics of a disturbance experimentally has produced an inconsistent picture of diversity-disturbance relationships (DDRs). Here, using a high-throughput programmable culture system, we subjected a soil-derived bacterial community to dilution disturbance profiles with different intensities (mean dilution rates), applied either constantly or with fluctuations of different frequencies.