Prediction of Mid-term Platelet Transfusion in Stable Trauma Patients Using Rotational Thromboelastometry.

Background: Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM; TEM International GmbH, Munich, Germany) is a global coagulation test that guides evidence-based platelet transfusion in trauma patients. We evaluated ROTEM parameters for predicting mid-term (five days) platelet transfusion in trauma patients.

Methods: Maximum clot firmness and clot amplitudes after 5, 10, and 15 mins (A5, A10, and A15, respectively) of fibrin-specific ROTEM (FIBTEM) and extrinsically activated ROTEM (EXTEM) were retrospectively collected from 82 hospitalized, stable, non-bleeding trauma patients after successful initial resuscitation.

Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Isolates from a Patient with Persistent Fungemia and Determination of the Molecular Mechanisms of Multidrug Resistance.

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to determine the molecular mechanisms of multidrug resistance for 10 serial bloodstream isolates obtained from a neutropenic patient during 82 days of amphotericin B (AMB) or echinocandin therapy. For WGS, a library was prepared and sequenced using a Nextera DNA Flex Kit (Illumina) and the MiseqDx (Illumina) instrument. All isolates harbored the same Msh2p substitution, V239L, associated with multilocus sequence type 7 and a Pdr1p substitution, L825P, that caused azole resistance.

Evaluation of the Accuracy of Cr and BUN Using the ABL90 FLEX PLUS Blood Gas Analyzer and the Equivalence of Candidate Specimens for Assessment of Renal Function.

Background: The ABL90 FLEX PLUS (Radiometer) is a blood gas analyzer that also provides creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) results. We assessed the accuracy of the ABL90 FLEX PLUS to measure Cr and BUN and find suitable candidate specimens against primary specimens (heparinized whole-blood (H-WB)).

Methods: Paired H-WB, serum, and sodium-citrated whole-blood (C-WB) samples (105) were collected.

Validation and application of new NGS-based HLA genotyping to clinical diagnostic practice.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized clinical genotyping, providing high-resolution HLA genotyping with a low ambiguity rate. This study aimed to develop new NGS-based HLA genotyping (HLAaccuTest, NGeneBio, Seoul, KOREA) on the Illumina MiSeq platform and validate the clinical performance. The analytical performance of HLAaccuTest was validated for 11 loci comprising HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1/3/4/5, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1, and -DPB1 using 157 reference samples.

Neutrophil Recruitment in Arterial Thrombus and Characteristics of Stroke Patients with Neutrophil-Rich Thrombus.

Purpose: Neutrophils contribute to thrombosis. However, there is limited information on the temporal course of neutrophil recruitment in thrombosis, the contribution of neutrophils to thrombus growth, and the characteristics of stroke patients with neutrophil-rich thrombi.

Materials And Methods: After inducing carotid artery thrombosis in Institute of Cancer Research mice using ferric chloride, aged thrombi were produced by ligating the distal portion of the carotid artery in mice for 0.

Effects of Interleukin-17A on the Early Stages of Arterial Thrombosis in Mice.

Purpose: Interleukin (IL)-17A has been suggested to play a role in the growth and organization of thrombi. We examined whether IL-17A plays a role in the early stages of thrombosis and whether there are sex differences in the effects of IL-17A.

Materials And Methods: We performed a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study to compare time to thrombotic occlusion and sex differences therein between mice treated with IL-17A and those treated with saline using a ferric chloride-induced model.

Split T7 promoter-based isothermal transcription amplification for one-step fluorescence detection of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants.

The negative global impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic has highlighted the crucial need for a rapid and convenient method of viral RNA detection. In this study, we report a novel method, termed as the split T7 promoter-based isothermal transcription amplification with light-up RNA aptamer (STAR), for one-pot detection of viral RNA. STAR uses a split T7 promoter that is applied to a three-way junction to mediate the selective transcription by the T7 RNA polymerase in the presence of target RNA.

Identification of the novel HLA-C*04:440 allele using next-generation sequencing.

The HLA-C*04:440 allele differs from HLA-C*04:82:01 by a single non-synonymous change, c.14C > A.

The novel HLA-DRB1*04:05:19 allele identified by sequencing-based typing.

The HLA-DRB1*04:05:19 allele differs from DRB1*04:05:01:01 by a synonymous nucleotide polymorphism at cDNA position 102.

Effect of leukopenia induced by cyclophosphamide on the initial stage of arterial thrombosis in mice.

Introduction: Leukocytes are found in organizing thrombi and are associated with thrombus growth. However, their role in the initial stage of thrombus formation is not well known. We investigated the role of leukocytes in the early stage of arterial thrombosis by inducing leukopenia.

Diagnostic Validation of a Clinical Laboratory-Oriented Targeted RNA Sequencing System for Detecting Gene Fusions in Hematologic Malignancies.

Targeted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a highly accurate method for sequencing transcripts of interest with a high resolution and throughput. However, RNA-seq has not been widely performed in clinical molecular laboratories because of the complexity of data processing and interpretation. We developed and validated a customized RNA-seq panel and data processing protocol for fusion detection using 4 analytical validation samples and 51 clinical samples, covering seven types of hematologic malignancies.

Fluorescence polarization system for rapid COVID-19 diagnosis.

Prompt diagnosis, patient isolation, and contact tracing are key measures to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Molecular tests are the current gold standard for COVID-19 detection, but are carried out at central laboratories, delaying treatment and control decisions. Here we describe a portable assay system for rapid, onsite COVID-19 diagnosis.

Evaluation of a Fully Automated Antinuclear Antibody Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay in Routine Use.

Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using HEp-2 cells as a substrate is the gold standard for detecting antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in patient serum. However, the ANA IFA has labor-intensive nature of the procedure and lacks adequate standardization. To overcome these drawbacks, the automation has been developed and implemented to the clinical laboratory.

Changing the frequency and spectra of chromosomal aberrations in Korean patients with acute leukemia in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Chromosomal analysis is essential for the diagnosis and risk stratification of all leukemia patients. Not surprisingly, racial differences in chromosomal aberrations (CA) in hematological malignancies could be found, and CA incidence in leukemia might change over time, possibly due to environmental and lifestyle changes. Thus, we compared the frequency and range of CA in patients with acute leukemia (AL) during two time periods (2006‒2009 vs.

Fast detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via the integration of plasmonic thermocycling and fluorescence detection in a portable device.

The diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by quantitative PCR with reverse transcription (RT-qPCR) typically involves bulky instrumentation in centralized laboratories and an assay time of 1-2 h. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in 17 min via a portable device integrating reverse transcription, fast thermocycling (via plasmonic heating through magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles) and in situ fluorescence detection following magnetic clearance of the nanoparticles. The device correctly classified all nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and sputum samples from 75 patients with COVID-19 and 75 healthy controls, with good concordance in fluorescence intensity with standard RT-qPCR (Pearson coefficients > 0.

Performance Evaluation of VITEK MS for the Identification of a Wide Spectrum of Clinically Relevant Filamentous Fungi Using a Korean Collection.

The correct identification of filamentous fungi is challenging. We evaluated the performance of the VITEK MS v3.0 system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France) for the identification of a wide spectrum of clinically relevant filamentous fungi using a Korean collection.

The HLA-A*02:01:175 allele newly identified in a Korean hematopoietic stem cell donor by next-generation sequencing.

HLA-A*02:01:175 has a single synonymous nucleotide polymorphism when compared with HLA-A*02:01:01:01 [c165.G>C].

ATP Production Relies on Fatty Acid Oxidation Rather than Glycolysis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Glycolysis is known as the main pathway for ATP production in cancer cells. However, in cancer cells, glucose deprivation for 24 h does not reduce ATP levels, whereas it does suppress lactate production. In this study, metabolic pathways were blocked to identify the main pathway of ATP production in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

PDX models of human lung squamous cell carcinoma: consideration of factors in preclinical and co-clinical applications.

Background: Treatment of human lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) using current targeted therapies is limited because of their diverse somatic mutations without any specific dominant driver mutations. These mutational diversities preventing the use of common targeted therapies or the combination of available therapeutic modalities would require a preclinical animal model of this tumor to acquire improved clinical responses. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have been recognized as a potentially useful preclinical model for personalized precision medicine.

Transglutaminase 2-Mediated p53 Depletion Promotes Angiogenesis by Increasing HIF-1α-p300 Binding in Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Angiogenesis and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are increased in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2), which promotes angiogenesis in endothelial cells during wound healing, is upregulated in RCC. Tumor angiogenesis involves three domains: cancer cells, the extracellular matrix, and endothelial cells.