Immune cell-enriched single-cell RNA sequencing unveils the interplay between infiltrated CD8 T resident memory cells and choroid plexus epithelial cells in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder and the leading cause of dementia. Despite significant efforts, treatment strategies targeting amyloid-β have been less successful than anticipated. Recently, the role of neuroinflammation and adaptive immune response in AD pathogenesis has gained attention.

Assembly of glioblastoma tumoroids and cerebral organoids: a 3D in vitro model for tumor cell invasion.

Glioblastoma (GBM) has a fatal prognosis because of its aggressive and invasive characteristics. Understanding the mechanism of invasion necessitates an elucidation of the relationship between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. However, there has been a scarcity of suitable models to investigate this.

Therapeutic single-cell landscape: methotrexate exacerbates interstitial lung disease by compromising the stemness of alveolar epithelial cells under systemic inflammation.

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) poses a serious threat in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the impact of cornerstone drugs, including methotrexate (MTX) and TNF inhibitor, on RA-associated ILD (RA-ILD) remains controversial.

Methods: Using an SKG mouse model and single-cell transcriptomics, we investigated the effects of MTX and TNF blockade on ILD.

Proteomic analysis of cardiovascular disease-associated proteins in Korean patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been associated with atopic dermatitis (AD), including in Korean patients. Previous studies on AD have primarily focused on patients of European ancestry, while the Asian endotype exhibits distinct characteristics. This study aimed to characterize the blood proteomic signature of Korean patients with moderate-to-severe AD, with an emphasis on proteins related to CVDs.

Systemic Inflammatory Proteomic Biomarkers in Atopic Dermatitis: Exploring Potential Indicators for Disease Severity.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disorder, that emerges from intricate interplays among genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, environmental factors, and compromised skin barrier. Understanding the inflammatory pathway in AD is important due to its fundamental role in the pathogenesis of AD. This study aimed to explore the diverse spectrum of proteins linked to the inflammation of AD and the relationship between systemic biomarkers and clinical severity in AD.

Inhibition of BCAT1-mediated cytosolic leucine metabolism regulates Th17 responses via the mTORC1-HIF1α pathway.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), particularly leucine, are indispensable AAs for immune regulation through metabolic rewiring. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. Our investigation revealed that T-cell receptor (TCR)-activated human CD4 T cells increase the expression of BCAT1, a cytosolic enzyme responsible for BCAA catabolism, and SLC7A5, a major BCAA transporter.

Mapping the immune cell landscape of severe atopic dermatitis by single-cell RNA-seq.

Background: Efforts to profile atopic dermatitis (AD) tissues have intensified, yet comprehensive analysis of systemic immune landscapes in severe AD remains crucial.

Methods: Employing single-cell RNA sequencing, we analyzed over 300,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 severe AD patients (Eczema area and severity index (EASI) > 21) and six healthy controls.

Results: Results revealed significant immune cell shifts in AD patients, including increased Th2 cell abundance, reduced NK cell clusters with compromised cytotoxicity, and correlated Type 2 innate lymphoid cell proportions with disease severity.

Clinical Trial Protocol for Porcine Islet Xenotransplantation in South Korea.

Backgruound: Islet transplantation holds promise for treating selected type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, yet the scarcity of human donor organs impedes widespread adoption. Porcine islets, deemed a viable alternative, recently demonstrated successful longterm survival without zoonotic risks in a clinically relevant pig-to-non-human primate islet transplantation model. This success prompted the development of a clinical trial protocol for porcine islet xenotransplantation in humans.

Detecting T-cell receptor clonality in patients with severe atopic dermatitis refractory to dupilumab.

Background: Trials and real-life studies demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements of disease activity in the majority of patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) treated with the anti-IL-4RA-antibody dupilumab. However, misdiagnosis or confounding skin diseases in particular cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) may lead to inadequate response.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and pathological features of patients with AD who showed insufficient response to dupilumab.

A Phase II Open-Label Randomized Clinical Trial of Preoperative Durvalumab or Durvalumab plus Tremelimumab in Resectable Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Purpose: Clinical implications of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with locally advanced but resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain largely unexplored.

Patients And Methods: Patients with resectable HNSCC were randomized to receive a single dose of preoperative durvalumab (D) with or without tremelimumab (T) before resection, followed by postoperative (chemo)radiotherapy based on multidisciplinary discretion and 1-year D treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered spatial distribution analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and high-dimensional profiling of circulating immune cells tracked dynamic intratumoral and systemic immune responses.

Spatial transcriptomic analysis of tumour-immune cell interactions in melanoma arising from congenital melanocytic nevus.

Background: Studies on the interaction between tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and tumour cells in melanoma arising from congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) are lacking.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the intratumoral immune landscape of TIICs and tumour cells during invasion and metastasis.

Methods: Tissue specimens were obtained from patients with melanoma originating from CMN.

High-dimensional profiling of regulatory T cells in psoriasis reveals an impaired skin-trafficking property.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a Th17-skewed immune phenotype. Although it has been generally accepted that regulatory T cells (Tregs) in lesional psoriatic skin have functional impairment due to the local inflammatory microenvironment, the molecular properties of skin-homing psoriatic Tregs have not been well explored.

Methods: We designed an extensive 39 marker mass cytometry (CyTOF) panel to deeply profile the immune landscape of skin-homing Tregs from 31 people with psoriasis stratified by psoriasis area severity index score as mild (n = 15) to moderate-severe (n = 16) and 32 healthy controls.

Glomerular spatial transcriptomics of IgA nephropathy according to the presence of mesangial proliferation.

Mesangial proliferation is a diagnostic feature and a prognostic predictor of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). We aimed to investigate the gene expression profiles of IgAN glomerulus according to the presence of mesangial proliferation. We performed spatial-specific transcriptomic profiling on kidney biopsy tissues using the GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler.

Fascial Signal Change on the Cervical MRI of a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Here, we present a case of a 53-year-old female patient with chronic neck pain and systemic inflammation who was ultimately diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Notably, applying fat-suppressed T2-weighted MRI sequences was pivotal in detecting structural fascial changes commonly associated with systemic inflammatory diseases. PET-CT scans further revealed systemic inflammation around multiple joints, providing valuable insights into MRI signal alterations.

Microenvironmental network of clonal CXCL13+CD4+ T cells and Tregs in pemphigus chronic blisters.

BACKGROUNDPemphigus, a rare autoimmune bullous disease mediated by antidesmoglein autoantibodies, can be controlled with systemic medication like rituximab and high-dose systemic corticosteroids combined with immunosuppressants. However, some patients continue to experience chronically recurrent blisters in a specific area and require long-term maintenance systemic therapy.METHODSSkin with chronic blisters was obtained from patients with pemphigus.

Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies distinct transcriptomic signatures between PMA/ionomycin- and αCD3/αCD28-activated primary human T cells.

Immunologists have activated T cells in vitro using various stimulation methods, including phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin and αCD3/αCD28 agonistic antibodies. PMA stimulates protein kinase C, activating nuclear factor-κB, and ionomycin increases intracellular calcium levels, resulting in activation of nuclear factor of activated T cell. In contrast, αCD3/αCD28 agonistic antibodies activate T cells through ZAP-70, which phosphorylates linker for activation of T cell and SH2-domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kD.

Corrigendum: Acute surge of atypical memory and plasma B-cell subsets driven by an extrafollicular response in severe COVID-19.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.