Pictorial Review of Rare Pancreatic Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

Rare pancreatic tumors and non-neoplastic tumor-like lesions present a diagnostic challenge due to their uncommon occurrence and overlapping imaging characteristics with more prevalent pancreatic neoplasms. Advances in imaging technologies and diagnostic criteria have contributed to increased detection of these rare entities in clinical practice. This pictorial review focuses on the radiologic-pathologic correlation of rare pancreatic tumors, including colloid carcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, pancreatoblastoma, primary pancreatic lymphoma, and non-neoplastic tumor-like lesions such as hamartomas and inflammatory pseudotumors.

Fully phased genome assemblies and graph-based genetic variants of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

The olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, also known as the Korean halibut, is an economically important flatfish in East Asian countries. Here, we provided four fully phased genome assemblies of two different olive flounder individuals using high-fidelity long-read sequencing and their parental short-read sequencing data. We obtained 42-44 Gb of ~15-kb and ~Q30 high-fidelity long reads, and their assembly quality values were ~53.

Factor analysis on the performance of elite male fencing athletes.

Background: We analyzed how stress and heart rate variability affect the performance of male fencing athletes expected to compete in various international events representing Korea.

Methods: This study included 72 fencing athletes who participated in training and competition from January 2020 to December 2023. The stress was analyzed using the Sports Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT).

Effects of Substituting Fishmeal with Soy Protein Concentrate Supplemented with Essential Amino Acids in the Olive Flounder () Diet on the Expression of Genes Related to Growth, Stress, Immunity, and Digestive Enzyme.

This study identified the effects of substituting fishmeal (FM) with soy protein concentrate (SPC) supplemented with lysine and methionine in the olive flounder ) diet on the expression of genes related to growth, stress, immunity, and digestion. Three experimental diets were prepared; the control diet (Con) contained 60% FM, and the experimental diets contained 25% (SPC25) and 50% (SPC50) FM replaced by SPC. After the 140-day feeding period, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed availability, biological indices, and chemical composition of the muscle were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments.

Experience of vascular injuries at a military hospital in Korea.

Purpose: Vascular injuries require immediate surgical treatment with standard vascular techniques. We aimed to identify pitfalls in vascular surgery for trauma team optimization and to suggest recommendations for trauma and vascular surgeons.

Methods: We reviewed 28 victims and analyzed the patterns of injuries, methods of repair, and outcomes.

Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between the Fixed-Dose Combination of Ezetimibe/Rosuvastatin 10/20 Mg and the Fixed-Dose Combination of Telmisartan/Amlodipine 80/5 Mg in Healthy Subjects.

Background: Management of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, which are common comorbid risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, require multiple medications. The development of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) containing ezetimibe, rosuvastatin, telmisartan, and amlodipine aims to enhance patient adherence and persistence, but the potential interactions among the four medications have not been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between the FDC of ezetimibe/rosuvastatin 10/20 mg (ER) and the FDC of telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg (TA).

Comprehensive CT Imaging Analysis of Primary Colorectal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the findings of CT scans in patients with pathologically confirmed primary colorectal squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC). The clinical presentation and CT findings in eight patients with pathologically confirmed primary colorectal squamous-cell carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed by two gastrointestinal radiologists. Hematochezia was the most common symptom (n = 5).

Use of functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify cortical loci for lower limb movements and their efficacy for individuals after stroke.

Background: Identification of cortical loci for lower limb movements for stroke rehabilitation is crucial for better rehabilitation outcomes via noninvasive brain stimulation by targeting the fine-grained cortical loci of the movements. However, identification of the cortical loci for lower limb movements using functional MRI (fMRI) is challenging due to head motion and difficulty in isolating different types of movement. Therefore, we developed a custom-made MR-compatible footplate and leg cushion to identify the cortical loci for lower limb movements and conducted multivariate analysis on the fMRI data.

Effects of a Combination of Polynucleotide and Hyaluronic Acid for Treating Osteoarthritis.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA), an age-related degenerative disease characterized by severe pain and disability, is treated using polynucleotides (PNs) and hyaluronic acid (HA). The intra-articular (IA) injection of HA has been studied extensively in both animal models and in humans; however, the efficacy and mechanisms of action remain unclear. In addition, there has been a paucity of research regarding the use of PN alone or in combination with HA in OA.

Successful pregnancy outcome via in-vitro fertilization and laparoscopic resection of non-communicating rudimentary horn pregnancy containing early pregnancy: a case report.

Background: Non-communicating rudimentary horn pregnancy (NCRHP) lead to life-threatening condition for both mother and fetus. Early diagnosis of NCRHP and laparoscopic resection is important to prevent catastrophic conditions. However, delayed diagnosis until the second or third trimester makes it difficult to accurately diagnose between NCRHP and bicornuate uterine pregnancy, as both conditions present uterine rupture and massive hemoperitoneum.

Effects of food and ethnicity on the pharmacokinetics of venadaparib, a next-generation PARP inhibitor, in healthy Korean, Caucasian, and Chinese male subjects.

Aim: Venadaparib is a next-generation poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor under development for treating gastric cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of food and ethnicity on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of venadaparib after a single oral administration in healthy Korean, Caucasian, and Chinese male subjects.

Methods: In this randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-sequence, two-period, and crossover study, Korean and Caucasian subjects received venadaparib 80 mg in each period (fasted or fed state) with a seven-day washout.

Topiramate dosage optimization for effective antiseizure management via population pharmacokinetic modeling.

Objective: Despite the suggested topiramate serum level of 5-20 mg/L, numerous institutions have observed substantial drug response at lower levels. We aim to investigate the correlation between topiramate serum levels, drug responsiveness, and adverse events to establish a more accurate and tailored therapeutic range.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data collected between January 2017 and January 2022 at Seoul National University Hospital.

Evaluation of advective solute infiltration into porous media by pulsed focused ultrasound-induced acoustic streaming effects.

Purpose: Acoustic streaming induced by applying transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) promotes localized advective solute transport in the brain and has recently garnered research interest for drug delivery and enhancement of brain waste clearance. The acoustic streaming behavior in brain tissue is difficult to model numerically and thus warrants an in vitro examination of the effects of using different sonication parameters, in terms of frequency, intensity, and pulse duration (PD).

Methods: Melamine and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foams were used to mimic the porous brain tissue, which contains leptomeningeal fenestrations and perivascular space, while agar hydrogel was used to emulate denser neuropil.

Thermal Injury to the Subhepatic Appendix Following Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report.

We present the first documented case of a fistula between the treated zone and the appendix after RFA in a patient with HCC. Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI revealed a subcapsular hepatic nodule with image findings of HCC located adjacent to the ascending colon and cecum. An ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy was subsequently performed to distinguish between hepatic metastasis and HCC.

Non-thermal Acoustic Enhancement of Chemotherapeutic Effects of Cisplatin on Xenografted Cervical Cancer in Mice.

Background/aim: We examined the effect of low-intensity focused ultrasound (FUS) on unbinding cisplatin from plasma proteins and enhancing its chemotherapeutic efficacy using a mouse model of xenograft human cervical cancer.

Materials And Methods: FUS, operating in a pulsed mode, was applied to a dialysis cassette immersed in a normal saline bath containing both bovine serum albumin (BSA) and cisplatin, and the unbound level of cisplatin diffused into the cassette was measured. To assess the in vivo efficacy of the technique, athymic nu/nu mice were inoculated with human cervical cancer cells under four different combinatory conditions, with and without the administration of cisplatin and FUS.

Disease-microenvironment modulation by bare- or engineered-exosome for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.

Background: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by eukaryotic cells and have been extensively studied for their surface markers and internal cargo with unique functions. A deeper understanding of exosomes has allowed their application in various research areas, particularly in diagnostics and therapy.

Main Body: Exosomes have great potential as biomarkers and delivery vehicles for encapsulating therapeutic cargo.

Non-invasive enhancement of intracortical solute clearance using transcranial focused ultrasound.

Transport of interstitial fluid and solutes plays a critical role in clearing metabolic waste from the brain. Transcranial application of focused ultrasound (FUS) has been shown to promote localized cerebrospinal fluid solute uptake into the brain parenchyma; however, its effects on the transport and clearance of interstitial solutes remain unknown. We demonstrate that pulsed application of low-intensity FUS to the rat brain enhances the transport of intracortically injected fluorescent tracers (ovalbumin and high molecular-weight dextran), yielding greater parenchymal tracer volume distribution compared to the unsonicated control group (ovalbumin by 40.

A preliminary study about the potential risks of the UV-weathered microplastic: The proteome-level changes in the brain in response to polystyrene derived weathered microplastics.

The growing use of plastic materials has resulted in a constant increase in the risk associated with microplastics (MPs). Ultra-violet (UV) light and wind break down modify MPs in the environment into smaller particles known as weathered MPs (WMPs) and these processes increase the risk of MP toxicity. The neurotoxicity of weathered polystyrene-MPs remains unclear.

Feasibility of Magnetic Resonance-Based Conductivity Imaging as a Tool to Estimate the Severity of Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in the First Hours After Cardiac Arrest.

Background: Early identification of the severity of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) after cardiac arrest can be used to help plan appropriate subsequent therapy. We evaluated whether conductivity of cerebral tissue measured using magnetic resonance-based conductivity imaging (MRCI), which provides contrast derived from the concentration and mobility of ions within the imaged tissue, can reflect the severity of HIBI in the early hours after cardiac arrest.

Methods: Fourteen minipigs were resuscitated after 5 min or 12 min of untreated cardiac arrest.

A Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Dapagliflozin Formate, an Ester Prodrug of Dapagliflozin, to Dapagliflozin Propanediol Monohydrate in Healthy Subjects.

Background: Dapagliflozin formate (DAP-FOR, DA-2811), an ester prodrug of dapagliflozin, was developed to improve the stability and pharmaceutical manufacturing process of dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of dapagliflozin for DAP-FOR compared to those for dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate (DAP-PDH, Forxiga) in healthy subjects.

Methods: This was an open-label, randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence crossover study.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Esomezol DR, a New Dual Delayed-Release Formulation of Esomeprazole 20 Mg or 40 Mg, in Healthy Subjects.

Background: Esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is widely used to treat acid-related disorders, but it has short plasma half-life which can cause insufficient gastric acid suppression, such as nocturnal acid breakthrough. A new dual delayed-release (DR) formulation of esomeprazole (Esomezol DR), was developed to extend the duration of gastric acid suppression.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) of esomeprazole for the DR formulation compared to a conventional enteric-coated (EC) formulation (Nexium) in healthy male subjects.