Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease affecting more than 10% of the global adult population. It is classified into Th1, Th2, and Th17 endotypes and eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic types. Th2-based inflammation and eosinophilic CRS (ECRS) are associated with tissue remodeling and fibrinolytic system impairment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Exp Otorhinolaryngol
May 2024
Objectives: Air pollution is an increasing global concern, and its effect on allergic inflammation has attracted the attention of many researchers. Particulate matter (PM) is a major component of ambient air pollution, and heavy metals are the primary toxic constituents of PM. As previous studies on the impact of air pollutants on allergic inflammation did not adequately mimic real-world atmospheric exposure, we developed an experimental model to investigate the effects of aerosolized air pollutants on nasal epithelial cells and fibroblasts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the nose and sinuses that affects more than 10% of the adult population worldwide. Currently, CRS is classified into endotypes according to the inflammatory response (Th1, Th2, and Th17) or the distribution of immune cells in the mucosa (eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic). CRS induces mucosal tissue remodeling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) pathogenesis is closely related to tissue remodeling, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Epigenetic mechanisms play key roles in EMT. DNA methylation, mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), is an epigenetic marker that is critical to EMT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is a subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and is a refractory or intractable disease. However, a reliable clinical marker or an effective treatment strategy has not yet been established. ECRS is accompanied by excessive eosinophil infiltration and Th2 inflammatory response, which is closely related to tissue remodeling in the upper airways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTissue remodeling contributes to ongoing inflammation and refractoriness of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). During this process, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in dysregulated remodeling and both and heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) may be engaged in the pathophysiology of CRS. This study aimed to determine the role of and HSP47 in modulating transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EMT and migration in airway epithelial cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCigarette smoke exposure has been shown to be associated with chronic rhinosinusitis and tissue remodeling. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) production in nasal fibroblasts and to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. Primary nasal fibroblasts from six patients were isolated and cultured.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the sinonasal mucosa. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is associated with T-helper 2 (Th2) response and induced by pathogen, allergen, toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, and cytokines. Fibroblasts are known to be modulators of wound-healing, from inflammation to tissue remodeling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF(1) Background: Tissue remodeling and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper airway. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is considered to be the key signal for triggering tissue remodeling in pathological conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the role of ER-stress in TGF-β1-stimulated nasal fibroblasts and inferior turbinate organ cultures; (2) Methods: Fibroblasts and organ cultures were pretreated with 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) and stimulated with TGF-β1 or thapsigargin (TG).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Fibroblast migration plays a significant role in wound healing after endoscopic sinonasal surgery. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) is a potent inhibitor of fibroblast functions including cell proliferation and migration. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of CSE on migration and collagen gel contraction in nasal fibroblasts and investigate its underlying mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHSP47 is required for the production of collagen and serves an important role in tissue remodeling, a pathophysiologic mechanism of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We investigated the relationship between HSP47 expression and tissue remodeling in CRS. We also determined the underlying molecular mechanisms of TGF-β1-induced HSP47 and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in nasal fibroblasts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImplant-supported overdentures can significantly increase function and satisfaction during the first year and can last for 5 to 10 years. The 2-implant-supported mandibular overdenture is recommended as a standard treatment for edentulous patients. In the recent years, studies have reported the use of digital complete dentures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA double-scan procedure is commonly performed in the process of fabricating an implant surgical template; however, this entails the disadvantage of recording 2 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans requiring additional time, effort, and costs. The purpose of this article is to introduce a digital protocol to acquire adequate preoperative diagnostic information for a fully edentulous patient, using the existing complete denture with a metal framework, an intraoral scanner, and CBCT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Chronic rhinosinusitis is involved in tissue remodeling of nasal mucosa such as nasal myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix production. Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a bioflavonoid compound and has anti-tissue remodeling characteristics. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of apigenin on TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix accumulation and to determine the underlying mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo investigate the potential role of vitamin D (1,25(OH)D) in preventing the development of nasal polyps, we examined the effect of vitamin D on myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in TGF-β1-induced nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) and elucidated the mechanisms underlying its inhibitory effect. 1,25(OH)D significantly reduced expression levels of α-SMA, a myofibroblast marker, and fibronectin, a representative ECM component, in a dose-dependent manner in TGF-β1-induced NPDFs. 1,25(OH)D suppressed activated Smad2/3 in time-course.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is closely associated with tissue remodeling. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process of tissue remodeling, can be a therapeutic target of CRSwNP. Glucocorticoids are a type of steroid hormone that is used primarily in medical therapy for patients with CRSwNP; however, their effects on EMT in the airway epithelium remain unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Phys Med Rehabil
December 2013