Relative importance of "why" and "how" messages on medication behavior: Insights from construal level theory.

Objective: This study assesses the impact of initial messaging strategies on medication behavior in newly diagnosed hypertension patients in a hypothetical context. Applying Construal Level Theory, this study evaluated which message type-low construal (focused on how, feasibility, and concrete) or high construal (focused on why, desirability, and abstract)-is more effective.

Methods: An online quasi-experiment was performed with 1200 participants without hypertension aged 30-60.

Do Magnets Have the Potential to Serve as a Stabilizer for the Shoulder Joint in Massive Rotator Cuff Tears?: A Biomechanical Cadaveric Study.

Background: Disruption of the rotator cuff muscles compromises concavity compression force, which leads to superior migration of the humeral head and loss of stability. A novel idea of using the magnetic force to achieve shoulder stabilization in massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs) was considered because the magnets can stabilize two separate entities with an attraction force. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical effect of the magnetic force on shoulder stabilization in MRCTs.

Message frame and health literacy: Strategies to improve adherence to antihypertensive medications.

Background: Hypertension and prehypertension is prevalent in about half of the total world population. Experts recommend comprehensive medical treatment for people with underlying diseases or at risk for metabolic syndrome. However, previous studies have found that approximately half of all patients with hypertension stopped taking antihypertensive medication within a year, and this phenomenon was closely related to the low perceived benefit and outcome expectation of taking behavior.

Microstructure analysis of 8 μm electrolytic Cu foil in plane view using EBSD and TEM.

With the lightening of the mobile devices, thinning of electrolytic copper foil, which is mainly used as an anode collection of lithium secondary batteries, is needed. As the copper foil becomes ultrathin, mechanical properties such as deterioration of elongation rate and tear phenomenon are occurring, which is closely related to microstructure. However, there is a problem that it is not easy to prepare and observe specimens in the analysis of the microstructure of ultrathin copper foil.

COVID-19 and Public Masking Compliance in Korea: We-ness and Individualism-Collectivism at the Individual Level.

In Korea, mask-wearing behavior (MWB) has become the "new normal" to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to explore the cultural factors affecting MWB in Korea and identify the health value of culture hidden behind the collective preventive actions of Koreans through etic (external, general) and emic (internal, indigenous) cultural approaches. We conducted a survey (N = 720) to measure MWB perception based on its necessity and actual MWB, with an individual-level analysis of vertical and horizontal collectivism-individualism and we-ness.

Characterization of Hot Deformation Behavior of Nanosized Al₂O₃ Reinforced Al6061 Composites.

The hot deformation behavior of Al6061/Nano-Al₂O₃ composites were investigated at temperatures of 300 to 500 °C and strain rates of 0.001∼1/s using compression tests. The composite fabricated by the infiltration method consisted of an Al matrix and Al₂O₃ particles with a mean size of 200 nm.

Fabrication and Characterization of Ti and TiO₂ Nanoparticles by Pulsed Wire Evaporation and Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Ti and TiO2 nano-sized particles were fabricated by pulsed wire evaporation (PWE) and characterized. The differences in the size and shape distribution according to the charging voltage, V0 (2.8 to 6.

Advanced Electron Holography Applied to Electromagnetic Field Study in Materials Science.

Advances and applications of electron holography to the study of electromagnetic fields in various functional materials are presented. In particular, the development of split-illumination electron holography, which introduces a biprism in the illumination system of a holography electron microscope, enables highly accurate observations of electromagnetic fields and the expansion of the observable area. First, the charge distributions on insulating materials were studied by using split-illumination electron holography and including a mask in the illumination system.

Real-Space Observation of Short-Period Cubic Lattice of Skyrmions in MnGe.

Three-dimensional forms of skyrmion aggregate, such as a cubic lattice of skyrmions, are anticipated to exist, yet their direct observations remain elusive. Here, we report real-space observations of spin configurations of the skyrmion-antiskyrmion cubic-lattice in MnGe with a very short period (∼3 nm) and hence endowed with the largest skyrmion number density. The skyrmion lattices parallel to the {100} atomic lattices are directly observed using high-resolution Lorentz transmission electron microscopes, simultaneously with underlying atomic-lattice fringes.

Menopause Knowledge, Attitude, Symptom and Management among Midlife Employed Women.

Objectives: Midlife women's knowledge, positive attitudes and management toward menopause may improve the quality of peri and post-menopause life. This study was to identify correlations of the knowledge, attitude, symptoms and management toward menopause in middle-aged women.

Methods: We used a cross-sectional questionnaire study applying to 231 perimenopausal and menopausal women aged from 40 to 59 years old.

Morphology and magnetic flux distribution in superparamagnetic, single-crystalline FeO nanoparticle rings.

This study reports on the correlation between crystal orientation and magnetic flux distribution of FeO nanoparticles in the form of self-assembled rings. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the nanoparticles were single-crystalline, highly monodispersed, (25 nm average diameter), and showed no appreciable lattice imperfections such as twins or stacking faults. Electron holography studies of these superparamagnetic nanoparticle rings indicated significant fluctuations in the magnetic flux lines, consistent with variations in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the nanoparticles.

In situ electron holographic study of Ionic liquid.

Investigation of the effect of electron irradiation on ionic liquid (IL) droplets using electron holography revealed that electron irradiation changed the electrostatic potential around the IL. The potential for low electron flux irradiation (0.5 × 10(17)e/m(2)s) was almost constant as a function of time (up to 180 min).

Electron holographic visualization of collective motion of electrons through electric field variation.

This study demonstrates the accumulation of electron-induced secondary electrons by utilizing a simple geometrical configuration of two branches of a charged insulating biomaterial. The collective motion of these secondary electrons between the branches has been visualized by analyzing the reconstructed amplitude images obtained using in situ electron holography. In order to understand the collective motion of secondary electrons, the trajectories of these electrons around the branches have also been simulated by taking into account the electric field around the charged branches on the basis of Maxwell's equations.

Observation of the magnetic flux and three-dimensional structure of skyrmion lattices by electron holography.

Skyrmions are nanoscale spin textures that are viewed as promising candidates as information carriers in future spintronic devices. Skyrmions have been observed using neutron scattering and microscopy techniques. Real-space imaging using electrons is a straightforward way to interpret spin configurations by detecting the phase shifts due to electromagnetic fields.

Advanced split-illumination electron holography without Fresnel fringes.

Advanced split-illumination electron holography was developed by employing two biprisms in the illuminating system to split an electron wave into two coherent waves and two biprisms in the imaging system to overlap them. A focused image of an upper condenser-biprism filament was formed on the sample plane, and all other filaments were placed in its shadow. This developed system makes it possible to obtain precise reconstructed object waves without modulations due to Fresnel fringes, in addition to holograms of distant objects from reference waves.

The effect of parasocial interaction on intention to register as organ donors through entertainment-education programs in Korea.

This study is based on the theory of reasoned action and self-efficacy, and it examines the mediating role of attitude, subjective norm, and self-efficacy between parasocial interaction and the intention to donate organs. Judgment sampling was used and 329 respondents were participated in the survey. Participants consisted of 102 males (30.

Nanoscale magnetic characterization of tunneling magnetoresistance spin valve head by electron holography.

Nanostructured magnetic materials play an important role in increasing miniaturized devices. For the studies of their magnetic properties and behaviors, nanoscale imaging of magnetic field is indispensible. Here, using electron holography, the magnetization distribution of a TMR spin valve head of commercial design is investigated without and with a magnetic field applied.

Real-space observation of skyrmion lattice in helimagnet MnSi thin samples.

Observing and characterizing the spin distributions on a nanometer scale are of vital importance for understanding nanomagnetism and its application to spintronics. The magnetic structure in MnSi thin samples prepared from a bulk, which undergoes a transition from a helix to a skyrmion lattice, was investigated by in situ observation using Lorentz microscopy. Stripe domains were observed at zero applied field below 22.

Nanomusical systems visualized and controlled in 4D electron microscopy.

Nanomusical systems, nanoharp and nanopiano, fabricated as arrays of cantilevers by focused ion beam milling of a layered Ni/Ti/Si(3)N(4) thin film, have been investigated in 4D electron microscopy. With the imaging and selective femtosecond and nanosecond control combinations, full characterization of the amplitude and phase of the resonant response of a particular cantilever relative to the optical pulse train was possible. Using a high repetition rate, low energy optical pulse train for selective, resonant excitation, coupled with pulsed and steady-state electron imaging for visualization in space and time, both the amplitude on the nanoscale and resonance of motion on the megahertz scale were resolved for these systems.

4D Lorentz electron microscopy imaging: magnetic domain wall nucleation, reversal, and wave velocity.

Magnetization reversal is an important topic of research in the fields of both basic and applied ferromagnetism. For the study of magnetization reversal dynamics and magnetic domain wall (DW) motion in ferromagnetic thin films, imaging techniques are indispensable. Here, we report 4D imaging of DWs by the out-of-focus Fresnel method in Lorentz ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM), with in situ spatial and temporal resolutions.

Nonchaotic nonlinear motion visualized in complex nanostructures by stereographic 4D electron microscopy.

Direct electron imaging with sufficient time resolution is a powerful tool for visualizing the three-dimensional (3D) mechanical motion and resolving the four-dimensional (4D) trajectories of many different components of a nanomachine, e.g., a NEMS device.

Promoting organ donation through an entertainment-education TV program in Korea: Open Your Eyes.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the characteristics of the program, Open Your Eyes, an entertainment-education TV program in Korea, on parasocial interaction and behavioral intention for organ donation. The results indicated that affective evaluation positively affected parasocial interaction with the program but cognitive evaluation negatively affected involvement with beneficiaries in the program. Also, it was found that cognitive evaluation of Open Your Eyes had a significant positive effect on behavioral intention.

Direct observation of martensitic phase-transformation dynamics in iron by 4D single-pulse electron microscopy.

The in situ martensitic phase transformation of iron, a complex solid-state transition involving collective atomic displacement and interface movement, is studied in real time by means of four-dimensional (4D) electron microscopy. The iron nanofilm specimen is heated at a maximum rate of approximately 10(11) K/s by a single heating pulse, and the evolution of the phase transformation from body-centered cubic to face-centered cubic crystal structure is followed by means of single-pulse, selected-area diffraction and real-space imaging. Two distinct components are revealed in the evolution of the crystal structure.

4D ultrafast electron microscopy: imaging of atomic motions, acoustic resonances, and moiré fringe dynamics.

In four-dimensional (4D) ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM), timed-pulse electron imaging and selected-area diffraction are used to study structural dynamics with space- and time-resolutions that allow direct observation of transformations affecting the fundamental properties of materials. Only recently, the UEM studies have begun to reveal a variety of dynamic responses of nanoscale specimens to material excitation, on ultrafast time scales and up to microseconds. Here, we give an account of some of these results, including imaging and diffraction dynamics of gold and graphite single crystal films, revealing atomic motions and morphology change in the former and two forms of acoustic resonance in the latter.

4D imaging of transient structures and morphologies in ultrafast electron microscopy.

With advances in spatial resolution reaching the atomic scale, two-dimensional (2D) and 3D imaging in electron microscopy has become an essential methodology in various fields of study. Here, we report 4D imaging, with in situ spatiotemporal resolutions, in ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM). The ability to capture selected-area-image dynamics with pixel resolution and to control the time separation between pulses for temporal cooling of the specimen made possible studies of fleeting structures and morphologies.