Effect of storage duration on outcome of patients receiving red blood cell in emergency department.

The effect of the duration of red blood cell (RBC) storage on the outcomes of transfused patients remains controversial, and studies on patients in the emergency department (ED) are limited. This study aimed to determine the association between RBC storage duration and outcomes of patients receiving transfusions in the ED. For RBCs issued to patients in the ED between 2017 and 2022, the storage period of the RBC and data on the transfused patient were obtained.

Failure Prediction of High-Flow Nasal Cannula at the Conventional Oxygen Therapy Phase in the Emergency Department.

Introduction: The use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure has been increasing in the emergency department (ED). However, studies are lacking on the prediction of HFNC failure before therapy initiation in the ED. We investigated whether the existing indices, such as the ratio of pulse oximetry oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen to respiratory rate (ROX) and ratio of ROX index to heart rate (ROX-HR), can accurately predict HFNC failure at the conventional oxygen therapy phase in the ED.

The Use of Generative AI for Scientific Literature Searches for Systematic Reviews: ChatGPT and Microsoft Bing AI Performance Evaluation.

Background: A large language model is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) model that opens up great possibilities for health care practice, research, and education, although scholars have emphasized the need to proactively address the issue of unvalidated and inaccurate information regarding its use. One of the best-known large language models is ChatGPT (OpenAI). It is believed to be of great help to medical research, as it facilitates more efficient data set analysis, code generation, and literature review, allowing researchers to focus on experimental design as well as drug discovery and development.

Current trends in emergency airway management: a clinical review.

Airway management is a fundamental and complex process that involves a sequence of integrated tasks. Situations requiring emergency airway management may occur in the emergency department, intensive care units, and various other clinical spaces. A variety of challenges can arise during emergency airway preparation, intubation, and postintubation, which may result in significant complications for patients.

Predictability of the emergency department triage system during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: Emergency department (ED) triage systems are used to classify the severity and urgency of emergency patients, and Korean medical institutions use the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS). During the COVID-19 pandemic, appropriate treatment for emergency patients was delayed due to various circumstances, such as overcrowding of EDs, lack of medical workforce resources, and increased workload on medical staff. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the KTAS in predicting the urgency of emergency patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Improved patient mortality predictions in emergency departments with deep learning data-synthesis and ensemble models.

The triage process in emergency departments (EDs) relies on the subjective assessment of medical practitioners, making it unreliable in certain aspects. There is a need for a more accurate and objective algorithm to determine the urgency of patients. This paper explores the application of advanced data-synthesis algorithms, machine learning (ML) algorithms, and ensemble models to predict patient mortality.

Mortality after cardiac arrest in children less than 2 years: relevant factors.

Background: There are only scant studies of predicting outcomes of pediatric resuscitation due to lack of population-based data. This study aimed to determine variable factors that may impact the survival of resuscitated children aged under 24 months.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 66 children under 24 months.

Development of a machine learning-based clinical decision support system to predict clinical deterioration in patients visiting the emergency department.

This study aimed to develop a machine learning-based clinical decision support system for emergency departments based on the decision-making framework of physicians. We extracted 27 fixed and 93 observation features using data on vital signs, mental status, laboratory results, and electrocardiograms during emergency department stay. Outcomes included intubation, admission to the intensive care unit, inotrope or vasopressor administration, and in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Predictive indicators for determining red blood cell transfusion strategies in the emergency department.

Background And Importance: Appropriate decision-making is critical for transfusions to prevent unnecessary adverse outcomes; however, transfusion in the emergency department (ED) can only be decided based on sparse evidence in a limited time window.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors associated with appropriate red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in the ED by analyzing retrospective data of patients who received transfusions at a single center.

Outcome Measures And Analysis: This study analyzed associations between transfusion appropriateness and sex, age, initial vital signs, an ED triage score [the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS)], the length of stay, and the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration.

Effects of Emergency Transfer Coordination Center on Length of Stay of Critically Ill Patients in the Emergency Department.

Introduction: Critically ill patients are frequently transferred from other hospitals to the emergency departments (ED) of tertiary hospitals. Due to the unforeseen transfer, the ED length of stay (LOS) of the patient is likely to be prolonged in addition to other potentially adverse effects. In this study we sought to confirm whether the establishment of an organized unit - the Emergency Transfer Coordination Center (ETCC) - to systematically coordinate emergency transfers would be effective in reducing the ED LOS of transferred, critically ill patients.

Effect of Applying a Real-Time Medical Record Input Assistance System With Voice Artificial Intelligence on Triage Task Performance in the Emergency Department: Prospective Interventional Study.

Background: Natural language processing has been established as an important tool when using unstructured text data; however, most studies in the medical field have been limited to a retrospective analysis of text entered manually by humans. Little research has focused on applying natural language processing to the conversion of raw voice data generated in the clinical field into text using speech-to-text algorithms.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the promptness and reliability of a real-time medical record input assistance system with voice artificial intelligence (RMIS-AI) and compared it to the manual method for triage tasks in the emergency department.

Thrombotic Microangiopathy Score as a New Predictor of Neurologic Outcomes in Patients after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Purpose: Given the morphological characteristics of schistocytes, thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) score can be beneficial as it can be automatically and accurately measured. This study aimed to investigate whether serial TMA scores until 48 h post admission are associated with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing targeted temperature management (TTM) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 185 patients using a prospective registry.

Characteristics of crashes and injuries on delivery motorcycles: A retrospective cohort study.

The food delivery market is growing rapidly. As most delivery riders use motorcycles, motorcycle crashes will increase along with the growing delivery market size. This study aimed at examining the proportions of motorcycle crashes and characteristics of injuries incurred while using motorcycles for occupational purposes.

Paediatric Trauma Score as a non-imaging tool for predicting intracranial haemorrhage in patients with traumatic brain injury.

To identify a useful non-imaging tool to screen paediatric patients with traumatic brain injury for intracranial haemorrhage (ICH). We retrospectively analysed patients aged < 15 years who visited the emergency department with head trauma between January 2015 and September 2020. We divided patients into two groups (ICH and non-ICH) and compared their demographic and clinical factors.

Delta neutrophil index and shock index can stratify risk for the requirement for massive transfusion in patients with primary postpartum hemorrhage in the emergency department.

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) constitutes a major risk for maternal mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, the severity of PPH can be underestimated because it is difficult to accurately measure blood loss by visual estimation. The delta neutrophil index (DNI), which reflects circulating immature granulocytes, is automatically calculated in hematological analyzers.

Efficacy of a four-tier infection response system in the emergency department during the coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has delayed the management of other serious medical conditions. This study presents an efficient method to prevent the degradation of the quality of diagnosis and treatment of other critical diseases during the pandemic.

Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study.

Correlation between real-time heart rate and fatigue in chest compression providers during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A simulation-based interventional study.

Background: The American Heart Association guidelines recommend switching chest compression providers at least every 2 min depending on their fatigue during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Although the provider's heart rate is widely used as an objective indicator for detecting fatigue, the accuracy of this measure is debatable.

Objectives: This study was designed to determine whether real-time heart rate is a measure of fatigue in compression providers.

The effect of overcrowding in emergency departments on the admission rate according to the emergency triage level.

Overcrowding in emergency departments is a serious public health issue. Recent studies have reported that overcrowding in emergency departments affects not only the quality of emergency care but also clinical decisions about admission. However, no studies have examined the characteristics of the patient groups whose admission rate is influenced by such overcrowding.

Usefulness of chloride levels for fluid resuscitation in patients undergoing targeted temperature management after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Objective: Chloride is an important electrolyte in the body. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the associations between chloride levels on emergency department (ED) admission and neurologic outcomes by stratifying patients undergoing targeted temperature management (TTM) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) into three groups (hyper/normo/hypochloremia); we also assessed the effect of changes in chloride levels from baseline over time on outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study of 346 patients was conducted between 2011 and 2019.

Targeted temperature management at 33°C or 36℃ induces equivalent myocardial protection by inhibiting HMGB1 release in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is lethal and causes myocardial necrosis via time-dependent ischemia due to prolonged occlusion of the infarct-related artery. No effective therapy or potential therapeutic targets can prevent myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Targeted temperature management (TTM) may reduce peri-infarct regions by inhibiting the extracellular release of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) as a primary mediator of the innate immune response.