Antitumor activity of afatinib in EGFR T790M-negative human oral cancer therapeutically targets mTOR/Mcl-1 signaling axis.

Purpose: This study investigates the role and effectiveness of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in oral cancer, focusing on the clinical relevance of EGFR and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in head and neck cancers (HNCs). It aims to explore the molecular mechanism of afatinib, a TKI, in treating human oral cancer.

Methods: We conducted an in silico analysis using databases like The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, along with immunohistochemistry staining, to study EGFR and Mcl-1 expression in HNCs.

In vitro antimetastatic potential of pseudolaric acid B in HSC-3 human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line.

Objective: Pseudolaric acid B (PAB) is a novel diterpenoid derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Cortex pseudolaricis that exerts anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. While the anticancer potential of PAB has been studied, its effects on metastasis have not been well-studied. This study aims to determine the inhibitory effects of PAB on HSC-3 human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell line.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester: Unveiling its potential as a potent apoptosis inducer for combating hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is a relatively rare form of head and neck cancer that is notorious for its poor prognosis and low overall survival rate. This highlights the need for new therapeutic options for this malignancy. The objective of the present study was to examine the ability of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), which is an active compound found in propolis, to combat HSCC tumor growth.

Podophyllotoxin reduces the aggressiveness of human oral squamous cell carcinoma through myeloid cell leukemia‑1.

Podophyllotoxin (PPT), which is derived from the podophyllum plant, exhibits marked cytotoxic effects against cancer cells; however, the precise molecular mechanism underlying its activity against human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been elucidated. In the present study, the mechanism by which PPT induced cytotoxicity in two OSCC cell lines, HSC3 and HSC4, was determined. The effects of PPT on cytotoxicity in HSC3 and HSC4 cells were analyzed using Annexin V/PI double staining, Sub‑G1 analysis, soft agar assays, western blotting, and quantitative PCR.

Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase/paxillin axis by caffeic acid phenethyl ester restrains aggressive behaviors of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro.

Objective: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), one of the components of propolis that is produced by honeybees, reportedly suppresses multiple diseases, including bacterial infection, inflammation, and cancer. We aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of CAPE on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) status and aggressive behaviors of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in vitro and the underlying signaling pathway.

Design: To examine the cell growth and in vitro tumorigenic potential of HNSCC cells, cell viability and soft agar colony formation assays, respectively, were performed.

Apoptosis induced by methanol extract of Potentilla discolor in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells through STAT3/PUMA signaling axis.

Potentilla discolor has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of hyperglycemia. However, the potential role of Potentilla discolor against cancer and its mode of action remain to be fully elucidated. The present study explored the apoptotic effect of methanol extract of Potentilla discolor (MEPD) in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) cell lines of salivary glands.

Nitidine chloride acts as an apoptosis inducer in human oral cancer cells and a nude mouse xenograft model via inhibition of STAT3.

Nitidine chloride (NC) is a natural alkaloid compound derived from the plant and is known for its therapeutic anticancer potential. In this study, we investigated the effects of NC on growth and signaling pathways in human oral cancer cell lines and a tumor xenograft model. The apoptotic effects and related molecular targets of NC on human oral cancer were investigated using trypan blue exclusion assay, DAPI staining, Live/Dead assay, Western blotting, Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence and a nude mouse tumor xenograft.

Apoptosis induced by caffeic acid phenethyl ester in human oral cancer cell lines: Involvement of Puma and Bax activation.

Objective: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural honeybee product exhibits a spectrum of biological activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor actions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the anticancer potential of CAPE and its molecular mechanism in human oral cancer cell lines (YD15, HSC-4 and HN22 cells).

Design: To determine the apoptotic activity of CAPE and identify its molecular targets, trypan blue exclusion assay, soft agar assay, Western blot analysis, DAPI staining, and live/dead assay were performed.

Silymarin and its active component silibinin act as novel therapeutic alternatives for salivary gland cancer by targeting the ERK1/2-Bim signaling cascade.

Purpose: Approximately 20% of all salivary gland cancer patients who are treated with current treatment modalities will ultimately develop metastases. Its most common form, mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a highly aggressive tumor with an overall 5-year survival rate of ~30%. Until now, several chemotherapeutic drugs have been tested for the treatment of salivary gland tumors, but the results have been disappointing and the drugs often cause unwanted side effects.

In Vitro Assessment of the Anticancer Potential of Evodiamine in Human Oral Cancer Cell Lines.

Evodiamine, a bioactive alkaloid, has been regarded as having antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer properties. In the present study, we explored the effects of evodiamine on cell growth and apoptosis in human oral cancer cell lines. Our data revealed that evodiamine significantly inhibited the proliferation of human oral cancer cells and resulted in the cleavages of PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) and caspase-3, in addition to causing the typical characteristics of apoptosis.

Induction of apoptosis by parthenolide in human oral cancer cell lines and tumor xenografts.

Objectives: Parthenolide (PTL), a representative sesquiterpene lactone that is responsible for medicinal properties of the feverfew, is known to modulate diverse intracellular signaling pathways, thereby exerting the tumor growth-inhibitory effects. In this study, authors attempted to examine the pro-apoptotic effects and possible biochemical mechanisms of PTL in human oral cancer cell lines and tumor xenografts.

Material And Methods: The apoptotic effects and related molecular mechanisms of PTL on oral cancer were evaluated using cell viability assay, MTS assay, DAPI staining, western blot analysis, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, small interfering RNA transfection and nude mouse xenograft assay.

YM155 induces apoptosis through downregulation of specificity protein 1 and myeloid cell leukemia-1 in human oral cancer cell lines.

Background: YM155 is a small-molecule pro-apoptotic agent which has shown to inhibit survivin expression and induce apoptosis in various cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the function and molecular mechanism of YM155 in human oral cancer cells.

Methods: The apoptotic effects and related signaling pathways of YM155 were evaluated using trypan blue exclusion assay, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, Western blotting, RT-PCR, and siRNA.

Signal transducer and activators of transcription 3 regulates cryptotanshinone-induced apoptosis in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells.

Background: Cryptotanshinone (CT) is a biologically active compound from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza that has been reported to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines; but, it has not yet been fully explored in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC).

Objective: Here, we demonstrated the apoptotic effects and its related mechanism in MC-3 and YD-15 human MEC cell lines.

Materials And Methods: The effects of CT on apoptotic activity were evaluated by cell proliferation assay, Western blotting, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and luciferase assay.

Inhibition of myeloid cell leukemia-1: Association with sorafenib-induced apoptosis in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells and tumor xenograft.

Background: The purpose of our study was to investigate the anticancer effect of sorafenib on mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and find its new molecular mechanism.

Methods: The apoptotic effects of sorafenib were performed using MTS assay, diamidino-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), siRNA, and xenograft.

Results: Sorafenib had apoptotic effects on MC-3 and YD15 cells and decreased myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) through proteasome-dependent protein degradation and the inhibition of protein synthesis.

Extracellular signal‑regulated kinase inhibition is required for methanol extract of Smilax china L.‑induced apoptosis through death receptor 5 in human oral mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells.

Smilax china L., a well‑known Chinese traditional medicine, has been used as an anti‑inflammatory, anti‑cancer and analgesic agent, but its role has not yet been fully elucidated in oral mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). The present study focused on addressing the anticancer activity and molecular mechanism of methanol extract of Smilax china L.