Selective Binding of Tannic Acid-Conjugated Lipid Nanovesicles to Proline-Rich Proteins Enhances Transdermal Lipophilic-Antioxidant Delivery.

Tannic acid (TA) possesses a notable ability to adhere to proline-rich proteins that make up skin cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the skin tissue. Drug carriers with this specific adhesion ability exhibit improved drug delivery efficiency on the skin. Taking advantage of this, this study presents skin-adhesive TA-conjugated lipid nanovesicles (TANVs) for enhanced transdermal antioxidant delivery.

Improvement in Yield of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Edelweiss Callus Treated with LED Light and Enhancement of Skin Anti-Aging Indicators.

The process of skin aging is currently recognized as a disease, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are being used to care for it. While various EVs are present in the market, there is a growing need for research on improving skin conditions through microbial and plant-derived EVs. Edelweiss is a medicinal plant and is currently an endangered species.

Fully Dried Two-Dimensional Paper Network for Enzymatically Enhanced Detection of Nucleic Acid Amplicons.

Two-dimensional paper networks (2DPNs) have enabled the use of paper-based platforms to perform multistep immunoassays for detection of pathogenic diseases at the point-of-care. To date, however, detection has required the user to provide multiple signal enhancement solutions and been limited to protein targets. We solve these challenges by using mathematical equations to guide the device design of a novel 2DPN, which leverages multiple fluidic inputs to apply fully dried solutions of hydrogen peroxide, diaminobenzidine, and horseradish peroxidase signal enhancement reagents to enhance the limit-of-detection of numerous nucleic acid products.

[Human monoclonal antibody inhibiting reverse transcriptase activity of hepatitis B virus polymerase protein].

Background/aims: To develop a novel treatment method for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, we aimed to make a human monoclonal antibody inhibiting reverse transcriptase (RT) activity of P protein which was important in HBV replication by using phage display technique. Therefore, we analysed the usability of human monoclonal antibody as a protein based gene therapy.

Methods: Reverse transcriptase/polymerase (RT/POL) functional motif of P protein of HBV was cloned in pMAL-c vector and expressed as maltose binding fusion protein form.

A single catalytically active subunit in the multimeric Sulfolobus shibatae CCA-adding enzyme can carry out all three steps of CCA addition.

The CCA-adding enzyme ATP(CTP):tRNA nucleotidyltransferase builds and repairs the 3'-terminal CCA sequence of tRNA. Although this unusual RNA polymerase has no nucleic acid template, it can construct the CCA sequence one nucleotide at a time using CTP and ATP as substrates. We found previously that tRNA does not translocate along the enzyme during CCA addition (Yue, D.

Crystal structures of the Bacillus stearothermophilus CCA-adding enzyme and its complexes with ATP or CTP.

CCA-adding enzymes polymerize CCA onto the 3' terminus of immature tRNAs without using a nucleic acid template. The 3.0 A resolution crystal structures of the CCA-adding enzyme from Bacillus stearothermophilus and its complexes with ATP or CTP reveal a seahorse-shaped subunit consisting of four domains: head, neck, body, and tail.

U2 small nuclear RNA is a substrate for the CCA-adding enzyme (tRNA nucleotidyltransferase).

The CCA-adding enzyme builds and repairs the 3' terminus of tRNA. Approximately 65% of mature human U2 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) ends in 3'-terminal CCA, as do all mature tRNAs; the other 35% ends in 3' CC or possibly 3' C. The 3'-terminal A of U2 snRNA cannot be encoded because the 3' end of the U2 snRNA coding region is CC/CC, where the slash indicates the last encoded nucleotide.