Publications by authors named "Hyun-A Jung"
Dry eye disease (DED) is a very frequently encountered ocular disease, making it a growing public health burden. However, current treatments for DED present unmet medical needs owing to their side effects or ineffectiveness. Therefore, an effective and safe therapeutic agent to manage DED is needed.
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- - The study investigates the effectiveness of durvalumab maintenance therapy in patients with unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), comparing those with specific genetic mutations to those without.
- - A total of 339 patients were analyzed, revealing similar progression-free survival (PFS) rates of 21.4 months for wild-type and 21.0 months for mutant groups, while significant differences in PFS were noted based on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels.
- - The findings suggest that while genetic mutations did not significantly alter outcomes, PD-L1 expression levels had a notable impact on PFS, highlighting the importance
Article Synopsis
- This study explores the differences in how patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and seeks to identify key biomarkers that predict these responses.
- Researchers analyzed samples from 33 lung cancer biopsies, focusing on 14 taken before ICI treatment, and found that non-responders had more regulatory and memory T cells, while responders displayed diverse activated CD8+ T cells.
- They identified specific tumor cell activity linked to resistance to ICIs, achieving over 95% accuracy in predicting patient responses by combining immune cell profiles with tumor characteristics, highlighting the importance of the tumor-immune environment in NSCLC treatment.
Introduction: Numerous studies have suggested high concordance between tissue and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) tests but only few of them focused on fusions. In addition, atypical breakpoints occasionally detected from DNA-based fusion detection make interpretation difficult, and their clinical significance remains unclear. This study evaluated the clinical utility of ctDNA CGP for fusion detection.
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- Osimertinib, a treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer, demonstrated a 4.7% incidence of cardiotoxicity in real-world settings, raising concerns about its long-term safety.
- The study analyzed 1,126 patients and identified risk factors for cardiotoxicity, including older age, previous heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and low left ventricle strain.
- A high recovery rate of 82.4% for cardiac dysfunction was observed, indicating potential reversibility, but emphasizes the need for careful monitoring in at-risk patients.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the role of thyroid immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in predicting the effectiveness of PD-1 blockade for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), revealing they are independent of PD-L1 expression.
- - Out of 71 metastatic NSCLC patients analyzed, those with thyroid irAE showed significantly longer progression-free survival compared to those without, indicating that thyroid irAEs can serve as a useful biomarker in treatment outcomes.
- - Alternative staging methods that incorporate thyroid irAEs improved the prognostic accuracy for disease progression compared to standard TNM staging, emphasizing the importance of these irAEs in identifying patients likely to respond well to PD-1 blockade therapies.
Article Synopsis
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) before surgery is the main treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer, with three regimens compared for effectiveness and safety in patients treated between 2016 and 2022.
- Overall survival rates were best with the CROSS regimen, showing 88.1% at one year, while pathologic complete response (pCR) rates were similar across all regimens.
- Grade 3 toxicities varied by regimen, with the CROSS group experiencing the least adverse effects and weight loss, suggesting it may be the preferable option for treatment.
Article Synopsis
- Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become essential in cancer care for identifying genetic alterations that can inform treatment decisions.
- The application of NGS is expanding to include support in pathological diagnosis and understanding resistance mechanisms in cancer.
- Upcoming recommendations aim to provide guidance on using NGS in solid tumors, categorize actionable genes by cancer type, and include insights on important biomarkers for circulating tumor DNA testing.
Article Synopsis
- Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, particularly those who are older or have advanced disease stages.
- The study analyzed 1,127 NSCLC patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from January 2020 to April 2022, finding that most continued their cancer treatments despite infection.
- Case fatality rates varied significantly based on disease stage, with 0.86% for early-stage, 4.4% for locally advanced, and 9.96% for advanced NSCLC, with factors like age and treatment type influencing these outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- - Lazertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI, was compared to platinum-based chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after previous EGFR-TKI therapy, as no prior studies had done this analysis.
- - After analyzing data from 156 matched patients in each group, results showed lazertinib had a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) of 10.97 months versus 5.10 months for chemotherapy, along with better overall survival (OS) and response rates.
- - The study concluded that lazertinib demonstrates superior efficacy against platinum-based chemotherapy in treating EGFR-mutated NSCLC, offering crucial insights for evaluating treatment effectiveness.
Article Synopsis
- Lazertinib, a third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was analyzed for its effectiveness in treating advanced EGFR T790M-positive non-small-cell lung cancer compared to osimertinib.
- The study involved 75 patients on lazertinib and 110 on osimertinib, but after matching for baseline characteristics, each group was reduced to 60 patients for fair comparison.
- Results showed that lazertinib had an objective response rate of 76.7% and a median progression-free survival of 12.3 months, which are similar to osimertinib but with the potential for better overall survival benefits.
Phase II Efficacy and Safety of 80 mg Osimertinib in Patients With Leptomeningeal Metastases Associated With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (BLOSSOM).
J Clin Oncol
August 2024
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of an 80 mg daily dose of osimertinib in patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LMs) who have previously been treated with other EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
- A total of 73 patients were treated, and findings include a median overall survival of 15.6 months and a 51.6% objective response rate, indicating substantial effectiveness in controlling the disease.
- The results support the use of osimertinib as a promising treatment option for patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer who develop LMs, highlighting its significant intracranial activity and manageable safety profile.
Article Synopsis
- The study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of adjuvant pembrolizumab in patients with stage IIIA/N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent prior neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and complete surgical resection.
- Findings showed a median disease-free survival (DFS) of 22.4 months and a 5-year DFS rate of 29%, indicating pembrolizumab may help control the disease long-term for some patients.
- Despite some patients experiencing tumor recurrence, no new safety concerns were observed, suggesting that pembrolizumab could be a viable treatment option post-surgery for specific NSCLC patients.
Diabetes complications are associated with aldose reductase (AR) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Using bioassay-guided isolation by column chromatography, 10 flavonoids and one coumarin were isolated from Rafin and tested in vitro for an inhibitory effect against human recombinant AR (HRAR) and rat lens AR (RLAR). Prunin, narirutin, and naringin inhibited RLAR (IC 0.
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- Scientists studied how to tell if small cell lung cancer might come back using special blood tests that look for tiny pieces of tumor DNA.
- They found that patients who had certain DNA changes or different types of DNA fragments in their blood had a higher chance of their cancer returning sooner.
- This research could help doctors figure out which patients are at a higher risk and make better treatment plans to help them.
Article Synopsis
- - This study focused on advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients without EGFR mutations or ALK fusions, highlighting their poor survival outcomes compared to those who have targeted therapies.
- - Researchers compared clinical outcomes between patients who participated in clinical trials and those who received standard care from 2017 to 2022, using a method called propensity score matching to ensure balanced groups.
- - Results showed that clinical trial participants had significantly better survival rates, with a median overall survival of 27.3 months compared to 17.1 months for those receiving standard care, indicating a 29.6% reduced risk of death for clinical trial participants.
Article Synopsis
- BRAF mutations are common in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and this study assessed the effectiveness and safety of the drugs daBRAFenib and trametinib in treating metastatic BRAFV600E-mutated PTC patients.
- In a retrospective study involving 27 patients, the drugs showed a high objective response rate (73.1%) and a median progression-free survival of 21.7 months, indicating good treatment response.
- However, most patients (81.5%) experienced treatment-related side effects severe enough to require dose reductions, highlighting a significant concern regarding treatment tolerability.
Article Synopsis
- The EXPLORE-LC initiative addresses the lack of comprehensive data on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by creating a common framework for research across various high-quality sources, aiming to enhance understanding of NSCLC and identify unmet needs in specific patient subgroups.
- A multicenter cohort study in South Korea evaluated clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and overall survival of 22,101 NSCLC patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2019, using standardized data collection methods.
- Results showed that the majority of patients had nonsquamous NSCLC (78.5%), with significant insights into treatment outcomes and characteristics, highlighting demographic factors such as age and gender distribution in different NSCLC types.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of two critical pathogenic factors: amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. Aβ and tau become neurotoxic aggregates via self-assembly, and these aggregates contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, there has been growing interest in therapeutic strategies that simultaneously target Aβ and tau aggregates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is a representative oncogenic driver mutation. Only about 12% of EGFR mutation patients have the exon 20 insertion mutation, which is the third most frequent mutation among EGFR mutation NSCLC. Amivantamab, an EGFR and MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) bispecific antibody, was approved for NSCLC patients with the EGFR exon 20 insertion (E20I) mutation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: We aimed to compare the oncological outcomes and toxicities of definitive proton beam therapy (PBT) and photon beam therapy in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC).
Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 262 patients with newly diagnosed LS-SCLC who underwent definitive PBT (n = 20; proton group) or photon beam therapy (n = 242; photon group) with concurrent chemotherapy between January 2016 and February 2021 and compared overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), dose-volume parameters, and toxicities between the groups.
Results: The median follow-up duration was 24.
Article Synopsis
- - Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly important in cancer care, primarily to identify genetic changes that can influence treatment choices.
- - The role of NGS has evolved to also support diagnosis and research on cancer resistance mechanisms, highlighting the need for expert guidelines on its use in solid tumors.
- - Upcoming recommendations will offer practical advice on NGS applications and classify actionable genes by cancer type, while including expert insights on key biomarkers for circulating tumor DNA testing.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with actionable genetic alterations (AGAs) to identify which patients might benefit most.
- Researchers analyzed progression-free survival (PFS) of NSCLC patients who received ICI therapy and examined various clinical and molecular biomarkers to find predictors of ICI efficacy.
- Results indicated that certain genetic mutations and positive PD-L1 levels were linked to better outcomes, highlighting that specific AGAs could lead to more favorable responses to ICI treatment.
Icariin, a major bioactive compound found in the genus, has been reported to exert protective effects against neurodegenerative disorders. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of icariin and its active metabolites (icariside II and icaritin) against prime G-protein-coupled receptor targets, considering their association with neuronal disorders. Icariside II exhibited selective agonist activity towards the dopamine D3 receptor (DR), with half-maximal effective concentrations of 13.
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