Impact of annealing and incorporation of vegetable oils on physicochemical and rheological properties of wheat starch.

This study investigated the impact of annealing treatment and lipids (vegetable oils, such as palm, olive, and grapeseed oils) on the physicochemical and rheological properties of wheat starch. Annealing of wheat starch (WS, WS) under different temperatures (45 °C and 55 °C) and with added vegetable oil (WS-Oil, WS-Oil) were compared with untreated wheat starch (WS). Annealing at 45 °C resulted in slight changes in the physicochemical properties of starch.

Electronic Control of the Position of the Pb Atom on the Surface of B Borozene in the PbB Cluster.

Spontaneous symmetry-breaking is common in chemical and physical systems. Here, we show that by adding an electron to the PbB cluster, which consists of a planar B disk with the Pb atom situated along the axis, the Pb atom spontaneously moves to the off-axis position in the PbB anion. Photoelectron spectroscopy of PbB reveals a broad ground-state transition and a large energy gap, suggesting a highly stable closed-shell PbB borozene complex and a significant geometry change upon electron detachment.

Searching for stable copper borozene complexes in CuB and CuB.

Copper has been shown to be an important substrate for the growth of borophenes. Copper-boron binary clusters are ideal platforms to study the interactions between copper and boron, which may provide insight about the underlying growth mechanisms of borophene on copper substrates. Here we report a joint photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical study on two copper-doped boron clusters, CuB and CuB.

α-Glucan-type exopolysaccharides with varied linkage patterns: Mitigating post-prandial glucose spike and prolonging the glycemic response.

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are traditionally known as prebiotics that foster colon health by serving as microbiota nutrients, while remaining undigested in the small intestine. However, recent findings suggest that α-glucan structures in EPS, with their varied α-linkage types, can be hydrolyzed by mammalian α-glucosidases at differing rates. This study explores α-glucan-type EPSs, including dextran, alternan, and reuteran, assessing their digestive properties both in vitro and in vivo.

Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Study of Di-Copper-Boron Clusters: CuB and CuB.

Copper has been found to be able to mediate the formation of bilayer borophenes. Copper-boron binary clusters are ideal model systems to probe the copper-boron interactions, which are essential to understand the growth mechanisms of borophenes on copper substrates. Here, we report a joint photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical study on two di-copper-doped boron clusters: CuB and CuB.

Effect of Methyl Gallate on 1-Nitropyrene-Induced Keratinocyte Toxicity in a Human and Canine Skin Model.

The skin, which is the largest organ of the human body, is in direct contact with pollutants in the surrounding atmosphere. Meanwhile, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), the most abundant nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in particulate matter, is known to have carcinogenic effects; however, studies on its toxicity in human and canine skin are still needed. In this study, we investigated 1-NP-induced apoptosis and inflammatory pathways in HaCaT cells.

AuB: an Au-borozene complex.

Photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemistry studies are used to investigate the structure and bonding of AuB. Global minimum sturctural searches show that AuB possesses a chair-like structure, which can be viewed as Au bonded to the edge of the doubly-aromatic B borozene, Au[η-B]. Chemical bonding analyses reveal that the AuB is a novel borozene complex with unique Au-borozene bonding.

Branching ratio in photodissociation of 1-bromo-3-chlorobenzene cation.

A new and convenient calculation method based on Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory assuming an extremely loose transition state (LTS) has been attempted to predict the branching ratio in photodissociation. This method enables estimation of the branching ratios without detailed structural information on the transition state which is indispensable in conventional RRKM calculations. To evaluate our simple method through comparison to the experimental results, photodissociation of 1-bromo-3-chlorobenzene cation (3BCB) was chosen as a model unimolecular reaction system which has two distinct photodissociation channels in ultraviolet region: 3BCB → Br-dissociated daughter ion (ClBz) + Br and 3BCB → Cl-dissociated daughter ion (BrBz) + Cl.

Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Size-Selected Bismuth-Boron Clusters: BiB ( = 6-8).

Because of its low toxicity, bismuth is considered to be a "green metal" and has received increasing attention in chemistry and materials science. To understand the chemical bonding of bismuth, here we report a joint experimental and theoretical study on a series of bismuth-doped boron clusters, BiB ( = 6-8). Well-resolved photoelectron spectra are obtained and are used to understand the structures and bonding of BiB in conjunction with theoretical calculations.

Improved rheological properties and shelf-life of wheat starch-lipid complex produced by the homogenization process.

Unlabelled: Physical homogenization was applied to the production of a starch-lipid complex formed through a hydrophobic interaction between amylose and fatty acid molecules. In addition, vegetable oils as a source of fatty acids and wheat starch as a source of amylose molecules were used to produce the starch-lipid complex. The complex index was significantly ( < 0.

Starch Retrogradation in Rice Cake: Influences of Sucrose Stearate and Glycerol.

Retrogradation properties and kinetics of rice cakes with the addition of glycerol (GLY) and sucrose fatty acid ester (SE) were investigated. In hardness, both rice cakes with glycerol (RGLY) and rice cakes with sucrose fatty acid ester (RSE) showed lower initial hardening compared with the control for up to 5 days. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of RSE showed a B+V-type pattern, and the relative crystallinity showed that GLY and SE lowered the initial and final crystallization of rice cake.

Effect of hydrothermal treatment on physicochemical properties of amorphous granular potato starch (AGPS).

Using restructuring technology, A- or B-type crystalline granular potato starch was produced from amorphous granular potato starch (AGPS). AGPS was prepared using ethanol-heat processing, and hydrothermal treatments were performed with different moisture contents (18, 29, 200% d.b.

Impact of starch granule-associated surface and channel proteins on physicochemical properties of corn and rice starches.

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of removing starch granule-associated proteins (SGAPs), especially starch granule-associated surface and channel proteins, on the overall characteristics of corn and rice starches. Protease treatment predominantly removed SGAPs on surfaces and in channels of the starches without significant damage, as evidenced by confocal laser scanning microscopy coupled with protein-specific and non-reactive fluorescent dye staining. Compared to untreated starches, protease-treated (PT) starches showed higher solubility and lower swelling power.

Characteristics of wheat starch-pectin hydrolysate complexes by dry heat treatment.

The objective of this study was to characterize dry heat-induced wheat starch-pectin hydrolysate (WST/PH) complexes to develop the retrogradation-retarded starch. Native (N-) and protease-treated (P-) WST were used as starch sources. Pectin hydrolysates were mixed independently with N-WST and P-WST to a mixing ratio of 49:1 (based on total solid contents), followed by drying below 10% moisture and dry heat treatment at 130 °C for 4 h.

Starch nanoparticles prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis and self-assembly of short-chain glucans.

Enzymatic hydrolysis and self-assembly are considered promising methods for preparation of starch nanoparticles (SNPs) because they are environmentally friendly, and time- and cost-effective. These methods are based on the self-assembly of short-chain glucans released from the α-1,6 bonds in amylopectin. Since their discovery, many studies have described the structural and physicochemical properties of self-assembled SNPs.

Physicochemical and retrogradation properties of modified chestnut starches.

Physicochemical properties of acetylated (AC), cross-linked (CL), and hydroxypropylated (HP) chestnut starches were investigated. Modified chestnut starch showed low RS and amylose contents. AC revealed the highest solubility and HP showed the highest swelling power at 60 °C.

Structures and infrared photodissociation of [(aniline)-(methanol)-(water)].

The structures of [(aniline)-(methanol)-(water)] were investigated by infrared spectroscopy coupled with linear tandem mass spectrometry. We suggest the most stable structure of [(aniline)-(methanol)-(water)] through infrared photodissociation spectra supported by the density functional theory calculations at the level of ωB97X-D/cc-pVQZ. Methanol and one water molecule formed hydrogen bonding with the amino group of aniline, while the other water formed hydrogen bonding with methanol.

A study of the quality characteristics of frozen Korean rice cake by using different thawing methods.

The characteristics of frozen rice cakes after thawing them using different methods, such as standing at room temperature (NT), running water (RWT), pan-grill (PT), steam (ST), microwave (MWT), and superheated steam thawing (SHST), were compared. Frozen rice cakes treated by MWT or SHST showed the shortest thawing time of 3 min. The MWT treatment showed the largest thawing loss, while the ST treatment showed the highest moisture content.

[Anisakiasis Induced Segmental Jejunum Obstruction].

Human anisakiasis is a disease caused by an infestation of the third stage larvae of family anisakidae. The ingested larvae invade the gastrointestinal wall, causing clinical symptoms that include abdomen pain, nausea, and vomiting. Although enteric anisakiasis is extremely rare, it can induce intestinal obstruction.

Retrogradation kinetics of chestnut starches cultivated in three regions of Korea.

Retrogradation kinetics of chestnut starches from three different regions of Korea were investigated during storage at 4 °C. The retrogradation properties were determined using four DSC characteristics: glass transition temperature ( ), ice melting enthalpy (ΔH), amylopectin melting enthalpy (∆H) and degree of retrogradation (DR). The Gongju (GJ) starch showed the highest gelatinization enthalpy (∆H) value, followed by Gwangyang (GY) and Hadong (HD).

Effect of Fermented Spinach as Sources of Pre-Converted Nitrite on Color Development of Cured Pork Loin.

The effect of fermented spinach extracts on color development in cured meats was investigated in this study. The pH values of raw cured meats without addition of fermented spinach extract or nitrite (negative control) were higher (<0.05) than those added with fermented spinach extract.

Rheological properties of rice flour treated with mild solutions of citric acid.

Effects of milling methods and organic acids treatments on rheological properties of rice flour were investigated. The average particle-size of wet-milled rice flour was lower and showed lower pasting temperature, peak viscosity, and storage modulus values than those of dry-milled rice flour. Wet-milled rice flour treated with citric acid showed significantly low viscosity and viscoelastic properties, as the concentration of citric acid increased, whereas wet-milled rice flour treated with acetic acid was not significantly affected by the acetic acid concentration.

Complete genome sequence of Leuconostoc garlicum KCCM 43211 producing exopolysaccharide.

Leuconostoc garlicum KCCM 43211 isolated from traditional Korean fermented food is an intensive producer of exopolysaccharide (EPS). Here we report the first complete genome sequence of L. garlicum KCCM 43211.