Separation of bimodal fMRI responses in mouse somatosensory areas into V1 and non-V1 contributions.

Multisensory integration is necessary for the animal to survive in the real world. While conventional methods have been extensively used to investigate the multisensory integration process in various brain areas, its long-range interactions remain less explored. In this study, our goal was to investigate interactions between visual and somatosensory networks on a whole-brain scale using 15.

Surgical time and efficacy of illuminated chopper-assisted cataract surgery involving miosis after femtosecond laser pretreatment.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the illuminated chopper-assisted cataract surgery in terms of shortening the surgical time in eyes with miosis after femtosecond laser pretreatment.

Methods: As retrospective study, three hundred thirty-six eyes of 336 consecutive patients who underwent the femtosecond laser and illuminated chopper-assisted cataract surgery were included. Cases with pupil less than 6 mm after femtosecond laser pretreatment were included in the miosis group.

Evaluation of a Commercial Device Based on Reflection Spectroscopy as an Alternative to Resonance Raman Spectroscopy in Measuring Skin Carotenoid Levels: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) has been used as a reference method for measuring skin carotenoid levels (SCL), which indicate vegetable and fruit intake. However, RRS is not an easy-to-use method in SCL measurement due to its complicated implementation. In this study, a commercial spectrophotometer based on reflection spectroscopy (RS), which is relatively simple and inexpensive, was evaluated to confirm usability compared with RRS in measuring SCL.

Protocol for mouse optogenetic fMRI at ultrahigh magnetic fields.

Mouse optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging (opto-fMRI) is critical for linking genes and functions and for mapping cell-type-specific neural circuits in the whole brain. Herein, we describe how opto-fMRI images can be reliably obtained in anesthetized mice with minimal distortions at ultrahigh magnetic fields. The protocol includes surgical and anesthesia procedures, animal cradle modification, animal preparation and setup, animal physiology maintenance, and pilot fMRI scanning.

Yolk-shell nanostructures: synthesis, photocatalysis and interfacial charge dynamics.

Solar energy has long been regarded as a promising alternative and sustainable energy source. In this regard, photocatalysts emerge as a versatile paradigm that can practically transform solar energy into chemical energy. At present, unsatisfactory conversion efficiency is a major obstacle to the widespread deployment of photocatalysis technology.

Spatial Separation of Cocatalysts on Z-Scheme Organic/Inorganic Heterostructure Hollow Spheres for Enhanced Photocatalytic H Evolution and In-Depth Analysis of the Charge-Transfer Mechanism.

A Z-scheme heterojunction with spatially separated cocatalysts is proposed for overcoming fundamental issues in photocatalytic water splitting, such as inefficient light absorption, charge recombination, and sluggish reaction kinetics. For efficient light absorption and interfacial charge separation, Z-scheme organic/inorganic heterojunction photocatalysts are synthesized by firmly immobilizing ultrathin g-C N on the surface of TiO hollow spheres via electrostatic interactions. Additionally, two cocatalysts, Pt and IrO , are spatially separated along the Z-scheme charge-transfer pathway to enhance surface charge separation and reaction kinetics.

Effects of prolonged use of virtual reality smartphone-based head-mounted display on visual parameters: a randomised controlled trial.

We investigated the effects of using a virtual reality smartphone-based head-mounted display (VR SHMD) device for 2 h on visual parameters. Fifty-eight healthy volunteers were recruited. The participants played games using VR SHMD or smartphones for 2 h on different days.

Contribution of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neuronal Activity to BOLD fMRI.

The BOLD fMRI response in the cortex is often assumed to reflect changes in excitatory neural activity. However, the contribution of inhibitory neurons to BOLD fMRI is unclear. Here, the role of inhibitory and excitatory activity was examined using multimodal approaches: electrophysiological recording, 15.

Usefulness of virtual reality-based training to diagnose strabismus.

To study the usefulness of virtual reality (VR)-based training for diagnosing strabismus. Fourteen residents in ophthalmology performed at least 30 VR training sessions to diagnose esotropia and exotropia. Examinations of real patients with esotropia or exotropia before and after the VR training were video-recorded and presented to a strabismus expert to assess accuracy and performance scores for measuring the deviation angle and diagnosing strabismus with anonymization.

Anterior Scleral Thickness in Myopic Eyes and Its Association with Ocular Parameters.

Purpose: This study was designed to determine whether the anterior scleral thickness is affected by axial elongation and to investigate the association between anterior scleral thickness and various ocular parameters in myopic eyes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 79 healthy myopic participants. Anterior scleral thickness was measured in 8 meridians (superior-nasal, superior, superior-temporal, temporal [T], inferior-temporal, inferior [I], inferior-nasal, and nasal [N]) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Effect of epidermal growth factor ointment on persistent epithelial defects of the cornea.

Background: Healthy corneal epithelium acts as a barrier against damage to the deeper structures in the eye. Failure in the mechanisms of corneal epithelization can lead to persistent epithelial defects of the cornea (PEDs) and can compromise its function. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) promotes the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts during wound healing and may be beneficial in treating patients with PEDs.

Radiographic Prognostic Factors Relevant to Surgical Outcomes of Arthroscopic Partial Medial Meniscectomy in Elderly Patients with Mild Osteoarthritis.

The aim of this study was to investigate radiographic factors relevant to predict surgical outcomes of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) in elderly patients with mild osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grades 1 and 2). Data of 172 consecutive patients aged >70 years who underwent arthroscopic meniscal surgery were reviewed retrospectively. The patients who met the inclusion criteria were classified into two groups based on the minimal clinically important difference value of the Lysholm knee scoring scale comparing the score of the last visit with that of the preoperative period: group 1 (with clinically significant improvement) and group 2 (without clinically important change).

Deep Learning-Based Stroke Volume Estimation Outperforms Conventional Arterial Contour Method in Patients with Hemodynamic Instability.

Although the stroke volume (SV) estimation by arterial blood pressure has been widely used in clinical practice, its accuracy is questionable, especially during periods of hemodynamic instability. We aimed to create novel SV estimating model based on deep-learning (DL) method. A convolutional neural network was applied to estimate SV from arterial blood pressure waveform data recorded from liver transplantation (LT) surgeries.

Characteristics of meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

To evaluate the characteristics of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and investigate the risk factors for severe MGD.Sixteen patients with a history of SJS were evaluated for MGD. To assess the SJS severity acute ocular involvement score (AOS), acute systemic involvement score (ASS), and chronic ocular manifestation score (COMS) were measured.

Development of an Al-load-cell-based wireless ringer's solution monitoring and alarm system: insight into vibrational error correction.

In this study, we developed an aluminum-load-cell-based wireless Ringer's solution monitoring and alarm (WRMA) system. The Al load cell was designed with a rectangular shape, and the load was concentrated in the lower beam part of the load cell because of the anisotropic thickness. From the static analysis, we identified the appropriate location for a Wheatstone bridge circuit consisting of four strain gauges.

Refractive corneal inlay for presbyopia in emmetropic patients in Asia: 6-month clinical outcomes.

Background: To evaluate the 6-month clinical outcomes of Flexivue Microlens refractive corneal inlay in emmetropic patients in Asia for the surgical compensation of presbyopia.

Methods: In this retrospective study, corneal inlay implantation was done using a femtosecond laser. The follow-up period was 6 months.

Effect of liquid droplet surface tension on impact dynamics over hierarchical nanostructure surfaces.

Analyzing impact dynamics is important for practical applications of superhydrophobic surfaces, because these nonwetting surfaces frequently encounter impacting liquid droplets in real environments. Thus, various studies have been conducted to investigate impact dynamics by examining the correlation between the behaviors of impacting liquid droplets and several determining parameters, such as impacting velocity, surface structure and surface energy. The impacting behaviors of pure water droplets were the main focus in most previous studies; the effect of surface tension, another critical parameter, on impact dynamics has rarely been investigated.

Erratum: Review of Medical Dispute Cases in the Pain Management in Korea: A Medical Malpractice Liability Insurance Database Study.

[This corrects the article on p. 254 in vol. 28, PMID: 26495080.

Review of Medical Dispute Cases in the Pain Management in Korea: A Medical Malpractice Liability Insurance Database Study.

Background: Pain medicine often requires medico-legal involvement, even though diagnosis and treatments have improved considerably. Multiple guidelines for pain physicians contain many recommendations regarding interventional treatment. Unfortunately, no definite treatment guidelines exist because there is no complete consensus among individual guidelines.

Fully Implantable Deep Brain Stimulation System with Wireless Power Transmission for Long-term Use in Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease.

Objective: The purpose of this study to develop new deep-brain stimulation system for long-term use in animals, in order to develop a variety of neural prostheses.

Methods: Our system has two distinguished features, which are the fully implanted system having wearable wireless power transfer and ability to change the parameter of stimulus parameter. It is useful for obtaining a variety of data from a long-term experiment.

Direct observation of localized spin antiferromagnetic transition in PdCrO2 by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.

We report the first case of the successful measurements of a localized spin antiferromagnetic transition in delafossite-type PdCrO2 by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). This demonstrates how to circumvent the shortcomings of ARPES for investigation of magnetism involved with localized spins in limited size of two-dimensional crystals or multi-layer thin films that neutron scattering can hardly study due to lack of bulk compared to surface. Also, our observations give direct evidence for the spin ordering pattern of Cr(3+) ions in PdCrO2 suggested by neutron diffraction and quantum oscillation measurements, and provide a strong constraint that has to be satisfied by a microscopic mechanism for the unconventional anomalous Hall effect recently reported in this system.