Effect of remimazolam on postoperative delirium and cognitive function in adults undergoing general anesthesia or procedural sedation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Remimazolam is a novel short-acting benzodiazepine. This study compared the effects of remimazolam and propofol on cognitive function in adult patients after surgery or other procedures.

Methods: We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, for relevant studies.

Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Remimazolam-based Total Intravenous Anesthesia versus Volatile Agent-based Anesthesia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Remimazolam is a novel short-acting benzodiazepine that has recently been used for general anesthesia. This study compared the safety and efficacy of remimazolam-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and volatile agent-based anesthesia in adults undergoing general anesthesia.

Methods: We searched electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Scopus for relevant studies.

Effect of remimazolam for general anesthesia on postoperative nausea and vomiting : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Benzodiazepines reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV); however, conflicting results have been reported regarding the use of remimazolam, a novel benzodiazepine.

Objective: This meta-analysis examines whether remimazolam reduces PONV incidence compared with propofol or volatile agents used in general anesthesia.

Material And Methods: Electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science, were searched on 31 July 2023.

Strategies for the development of in vitro models of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury: Oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation.

Background: In vitro models tailored for spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury are pivotal for investigation of the mechanisms underlying spinal cord injuries. We conducted a two-phased study to identify the optimal conditions for establishing an in vitro model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury using primary rat spinal motor neurons.

New Method: In the first phase, cell cultures were subjected to oxygen deprivation (OD) only, glucose deprivation (GD) only, or simultaneous deprivation of oxygen and glucose [oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)] for different durations (1, 2, and 6 h).

Preoperative gastric volume assessment using ultrasound in cerebral palsy pediatric patients: a prospective observational study.

Background: Although cerebral palsy is a risk factor for aspiration, there is insufficient research on residual gastric volume after preoperative fasting in children with cerebral palsy. We evaluated the incidence of a full stomach by ultrasound assessment of the gastric volume in children with cerebral palsy who underwent orthopedic surgery after preoperative fasting.

Methods: The patients fasted for 8 h for solid foods and 2 h for clear liquids.

Neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin on anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity through the modulation of autophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Background: The anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of erythropoietin may provide neuroprotective effects. Erythropoietin also modulates autophagy signaling that may play a role in anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity (AIN). Herein, we investigated whether AIN can be attenuated by the neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin in the Caenorhabditis elegans (C.

The Impact of Regional Nerve Blocks on Postoperative Delirium or Cognitive Dysfunction following Thoracic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Regional nerve blocks (NBs) mitigate the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and postoperative delirium (POD) in adult patients undergoing thoracic surgery. This study aimed to determine the exact effect of NBs on POCD and POD. Electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched for studies.

Postoperative analgesic effects of the quadratus lumborum block in pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This study assessed the postoperative analgesic efficacy and safety of the quadratus lumborum block (QLB) in pediatric patients.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched for studies comparing the QLB to conventional analgesic techniques in pediatric patients. The primary outcome was the need for rescue analgesia 12 and 24 hours after surgery.

Effects of magnesium sulphate on neostigmine-induced recovery from moderate neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium: a randomized controlled trial.

Magnesium enhances the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents. However, there is a paucity of evidence demonstrating possible effects of magnesium on neostigmine-induced recovery from neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium. This study compared the profiles of recovery from neuromuscular blockade between groups treated with magnesium (Group M) and placebo controls (Group C).

The effect of intranasal dexmedetomidine administration on emergence agitation or delirium in pediatric patients after general anesthesia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Emergence agitation or delirium can occur in pediatric patients after anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine is known to reduce the impairment of postoperative cognitive function.

Aims: This study aimed to identify the role of intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine in lowering the development of emergence agitation or emergence delirium in pediatric patients after general anesthesia.

Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis after costoclavicular approach versus other brachial plexus blocks in upper limb surgery: a meta-analysis.

Background: The costoclavicular brachial plexus block (CCB) is a recently established technique that uses the infraclavicular approach and is performed just below the clavicle. This meta-analysis aimed to determine whether CCB can reduce the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis (HDP), which is a major adverse event related to brachial plexus block (BPB), while yielding comparable block performance as other BPB techniques.

Methods: We searched electronic databases to identify relevant studies that compared the incidence of HDP between CCB and other BPB techniques.

Change in glottic view during intubation using a KoMAC videolaryngoscope: A retrospective analysis.

Intubation with videolaryngoscopy has become popular in various clinical settings. However, despite the use of a videolaryngoscope, difficult intubation still exists and intubation failure has been reported. This retrospective study assessed the efficacy of the 2 maneuvers in improving the glottic view during videolaryngoscopic intubation.

Intraoperative 5-HT receptor antagonists decrease the prevalence of postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing hip fracture surgery: a single-center retrospective study.

Purpose: Postoperative delirium (POD) occurs commonly in older adults, resulting in unfavorable outcomes. Several recent clinical studies have suggested that 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT) receptor antagonists can treat and prevent POD. In this retrospective study, the association between 5-HT receptor antagonists and POD was investigated in older adults who underwent hip fracture surgery.

Polymer Electrolyte/Sulfur Double-Shelled Anisotropic Reduced Graphene Oxide Lamellar Scaffold Enables Stable and High-Loading Cathode for Quasi-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) can replace lithium-ion batteries by delivering a higher specific capacity. However, the areal capacity of current LSBs is low because the intrinsic limitations of sulfur make achieving a high sulfur loading difficult. Herein, the authors report vertically aligned reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with sulfur and poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymer electrolyte double-shell layers (VRG@S@PPE) as a high-loading sulfur cathode.

Postoperative Delirium after Dexmedetomidine versus Propofol Sedation in Healthy Older Adults Undergoing Orthopedic Lower Limb Surgery with Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Delirium is a critical postoperative complication in older patients. Based on the hypothesis that intraoperative dexmedetomidine sedation would lower postoperative delirium than propofol sedation would, the authors compared the incidence of postoperative delirium in older adults, using the mentioned sedatives.

Methods: This double-blinded, randomized controlled study included 748 patients, aged 65 yr or older, who were scheduled for elective lower extremity orthopedic surgery, between June 2017 and October 2021.

Effect of the Paravertebral Block on Chronic Postsurgical Pain After Thoracic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the benefits of thoracic paravertebral block (PVB) by focusing on its role in reducing chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after thoracic surgery.

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Setting: Electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched to identify studies.

Incidence of ionized hypomagnesemia in adult patients undergoing noncardiac major surgery: a prospective observational trial.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the incidence of preoperative ionized hypomagnesemia and compare with that of total hypomagnesemia.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 536 patients aged >20 years who were scheduled for elective surgery. Total and ionized magnesium levels were evaluated before and after the surgery.

The Involvement of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in the Development of Hyperalgesia during the Early Postoperative Period.

Introduction: Hyperalgesia frequently occurs after surgery and is associated with adverse effects on surgical outcomes. Thus, we aimed to examine whether the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function after surgery is involved in the development of postoperative hyperalgesia.

Methods: Surgery- and pain-related variables were measured 24 and 48 h after the first and second total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) in postmenopausal patients undergoing 1-week-interval staged bilateral TKA.

The effect of lidocaine patch for postoperative pain: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Study Objective: The role of lidocaine patch (LP) in reducing postoperative pain by local anesthetic absorption has been evaluated in several studies; however, these trials have shown inconsistent results. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the benefits of LP, focusing on its pain-reducing and morphine-sparing effect in patients after surgery.

Design: Meta-analysis.

Effects of ramosetron orally disintegrating tablets on the prophylaxis of post-discharge nausea and/or vomiting in female patients undergoing day surgery under general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of ramosetron orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) in preventing post-discharge nausea and/or vomiting (PDNV) in female patients following outpatient surgery under general anesthesia.

Methods: This multicenter randomized study included three South Korean tertiary hospitals. Before surgery, 138 patients were randomly allocated into two groups.