The effect of robo-horseback riding therapy on spinal alignment and associated muscle size in MRI for a child with neuromuscular scoliosis: an experimenter-blind study.

Purpose: This case study was conducted to highlight the clinical and radiological features of a patient with progressive neuromuscular scoliosis before and after robo-horseback riding therapy (HBRT).

Design: A clinical, laboratory, and radiological analysis of a single case.

Subject: An 11-year-old child, dignosed right thoracolumbar neuromuscular scoliosis secondary to cerebral palsy.

ApoE receptor 2 regulates synapse and dendritic spine formation.

Background: Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoEr2) is a postsynaptic protein involved in long-term potentiation (LTP), learning, and memory through unknown mechanisms. We examined the biological effects of ApoEr2 on synapse and dendritic spine formation-processes critical for learning and memory.

Methodology/principal Findings: In a heterologous co-culture synapse assay, overexpression of ApoEr2 in COS7 cells significantly increased colocalization with synaptophysin in primary hippocampal neurons, suggesting that ApoEr2 promotes interaction with presynaptic structures.

Resolution of infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using glycerol; enhancement with a disperse laser beam.

Some experimental factors affecting the resolution in glycerol infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (IR-MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry were investigated. Loading the sample inside a cavity covered with a grid was found to improve the resolving power as reported previously, although not to the extent attainable in UV-MALDI using the same instrument. The resolving power improved as the laser spot area at the sample position got larger, becoming almost comparable with that in UV-MALDI when the spot area was a little larger than the cavity size.

Photodissociation at 193 nm of some singly protonated peptides and proteins with m/z 2000-9000 using a tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with a second source for delayed extraction/post-acceleration of product ions.

A tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer was built for photodissociation (PD) of singly protonated peptides and small proteins generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. PD was performed in a second source after deceleration of precursor ions. The delayed extraction/post-acceleration scheme was used for the product ions.