HIV-1 usurps mixed-charge domain-dependent CPSF6 phase separation for higher-order capsid binding, nuclear entry and viral DNA integration.

HIV-1 integration favors nuclear speckle (NS)-proximal chromatin and viral infection induces the formation of capsid-dependent CPSF6 condensates that colocalize with nuclear speckles (NSs). Although CPSF6 displays liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) activity in vitro, the contributions of its different intrinsically disordered regions, which includes a central prion-like domain (PrLD) with capsid binding FG motif and C-terminal mixed-charge domain (MCD), to LLPS activity and to HIV-1 infection remain unclear. Herein, we determined that the PrLD and MCD both contribute to CPSF6 LLPS activity in vitro.

Mixed-linker strategy for suppressing structural flexibility of metal-organic framework membranes for gas separation.

Structural flexibility is a critical issue that limits the application of metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes for gas separation. Herein we propose a mixed-linker approach to suppress the structural flexibility of the CAU-10-based (CAU = Christian-Albrechts-University) membranes. Specifically, pure CAU-10-PDC membranes display high separation performance but at the same time are highly unstable for the separation of CO/CH.

A point mutation in HIV-1 integrase redirects proviral integration into centromeric repeats.

Retroviruses utilize the viral integrase (IN) protein to integrate a DNA copy of their genome into host chromosomal DNA. HIV-1 integration sites are highly biased towards actively transcribed genes, likely mediated by binding of the IN protein to specific host factors, particularly LEDGF, located at these gene regions. We here report a substantial redirection of integration site distribution induced by a single point mutation in HIV-1 IN.

GS-CA1 and lenacapavir stabilize the HIV-1 core and modulate the core interaction with cellular factors.

The HIV-1 capsid is the target for the antiviral drugs GS-CA1 and Lenacapavir (GS-6207). We investigated the mechanism by which GS-CA1 and GS-6207 inhibit HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 inhibition by GS-CA1 did not require CPSF6 in CD4 T cells.

Complete genome sequence of serotype 3 INT-01, isolated from a domestic pig in Korea.

is a major pig pathogen causing severe economic losses to the swine industry. This study aimed to analyze the genome of strain INT-01 isolated from a domestic pig in Korea. We found that the genome of strain INT-01 contains 2,092,054 bp, with a guanine (G) + cytosine (C) content of 41.

Specific bacteriophage of Bordetella bronchiseptica regulates B. bronchiseptica-induced microRNA expression profiles to decrease inflammation in swine nasal turbinate cells.

Background: Respiratory diseases in pigs are the main health concerns for swine producers. Similar to the diseases in human and other animals, respiratory diseases are primary related to morbidity and are the result of infection with bacteria, viruses, or both. B.

Pasteurella multocida specific bacteriophage suppresses P. multocida-induced inflammation: identification of genes related to bacteriophage signaling by Pasteurella multocida-infected swine nasal turbinate cells.

Background: Although Pasteurella multocida is highly prevalent pathogen in animals and plays an important role in swine respiratory diseases, only a few studies on the use of bacteriophages specific to Pasteurella multocida disease have been reported.

Objective: The object of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of specific P. multocida bacteriophages and to identify genes related to bacteriophage signaling utilizing RNA microarrays in swine nasal turbinate cells.

Reproducibility of hepatic MR elastography across field strengths, pulse sequences, scan intervals, and readers.

Purpose: To evaluate the reproducibility of hepatic MRE under various combinations of settings of field strength, pulse sequence, scan interval, and reader in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.

Methods: Adult NAFLD patients were prospectively enrolled for serial hepatic MRE with 1.5 T using 2D GRE sequence and 3.

Bordetella bronchiseptica bateriophage suppresses B. bronchiseptica-induced inflammation in swine nasal turbinate cells.

The development of therapeutic bacteriophages will provide several benefits based on an understanding the basic physiological dynamics of phage and bacteria interactions for therapeutic use in light of the results of antibiotic abuse. However, studies on bacteriophage therapeutics against microbes are very limited, because of lack of phage stability and an incomplete understanding of the physiological intracellular mechanisms of phage. The major objective of this investigation was to provide opportunity for development of a novel therapeutic treatment to control respiratory diseases in swine.

Design and Construction of Strains That Harbor Various CTX Prophage Arrays.

Toxigenic strains arise upon infection and integration of the lysogenic cholera toxin phage, the CTX phage, into bacterial chromosomes. The serogroup O1 strains identified to date can be broadly categorized into three main groups: the classical biotype strains, which harbor CTX-cla; the prototype El Tor strains (Wave 1 strains), which harbor CTX-1; and the atypical El Tor strains, which harbor CTX-2 (Wave 2 strains) or CTX-3~6 (Wave 3 strains). The efficiencies of replication and transmission of CTX phages are similar, suggesting the possibility of existence of more diverse bacterial strains harboring various CTX phages and their arrays in nature.

Replication of classical CTX phage.

The toxigenic classical and El Tor biotype serogroup O1 strains are generated by lysogenization of host-type-specific cholera toxin phages (CTX phages). Experimental evidence of the replication and transmission of an El Tor biotype-specific CTX phage, CTX-1, has explained the evolution of El Tor biotype strains. The generation of classical biotype strains has not been demonstrated in the laboratory, and the classical biotype-specific CTX phage, CTX-cla, is considered to be defective with regard to replication.

Host Cell Nuclear Localization of Shigella flexneri Effector OspF Is Facilitated by SUMOylation.

When infect host cells, various effecter molecules are delivered into the cytoplasm of the host cell through the type III secretion system (TTSS) to facilitate their invasion process and control the host immune responses. Among these effectors, the effector OspF dephosphorylates mitogen-activated protein kinases and translocates itself to the nucleus, thus preventing histone H3 modification to regulate expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Despite the critical role of OspF, the mechanism by which it localizes in the nucleus has remained to be elucidated.

Development of a Multiplex PCR for Discrimination of the TLC:RS1:CTX array of Wave 3 El Tor Strains.

O1 serogroup Wave 3 El Tor strains are presently prevalent worldwide. The Wave 3 El Tor strains contain a TLC:RS1:CTX array on chromosome 1, and no element is integrated on chromosome 2. A multiplex PCR optimized to identify the TLC:RS1:CTX array of Wave 3 strains has been developed in this study.

Nineth Rib Syndrome after 10(th) Rib Resection.

The 12(th) rib syndrome is a disease that causes pain between the upper abdomen and the lower chest. It is assumed that the impinging on the nerves between the ribs causes pain in the lower chest, upper abdomen, and flank. A 74-year-old female patient visited a pain clinic complaining of pain in her back, and left chest wall at a 7 on the 0-10 Numeric Rating scale (NRS).

Sequence Variations in the Non-Coding Sequence of CTX Phages in Vibrio cholerae.

This study focused on the variations in the non-coding sequences between ctxB and rstR of various CTX phages. The non-coding sequences of CTX-1 and CTX-cla are phage type-specific. The length of the non-coding region of CTX-1 and CTX-cla is 601 and 730 nucleotides, respectively.

Successful Treatment of a Symptomatic Discal Cyst by Percutaneous C-arm Guided Aspiration.

Although discal cysts are a rare cause of low back pain and radiculopathy. Currently, surgical excision is usually the first-line treatment for discal cysts. However, alternative treatment methods have been suggested, as in some cases symptoms have improved with interventional therapies.

The effects of different loading doses of dexmedetomidine on sedation.

Background: Dexmedetomidine is a useful sedative drug with various uses. We designed this study to investigate the clinical effects and complications of different loading doses, 0.5 and 1.

Comparison of two dosing schedules of intravenous dexmedetomidine in elderly patients during spinal anesthesia.

Background: As the number of elder patients grows, spinal anesthesia for such patients are increasing significantly. Any effort is needed to use the least anesthetic drug for maintaining the anesthesia while avoiding hazards of cardio-pulmonary complications.

Methods: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification I and II, Forty five elderly patients (≥ 60 years) who received transurethral resection of the prostate or transurethral resection of the bladder tumor were allocated randomly into three treatment groups.

HIV traffics through a specialized, surface-accessible intracellular compartment during trans-infection of T cells by mature dendritic cells.

In vitro, dendritic cells (DCs) bind and transfer intact, infectious HIV to CD4 T cells without first becoming infected, a process known as trans-infection. trans-infection is accomplished by recruitment of HIV and its receptors to the site of DC-T cell contact and transfer of virions at a structure known as the infectious synapse. In this study, we used fluorescent microscopy to track individual HIV particles trafficking in DCs during virus uptake and trans-infection.

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy in Korea: the first case report with a proven ATTR Lys35Asn gene.

A 39-year-old man with progressive peripheral neuropathy and autonomic failure showed amyloid deposition on sural nerve biopsy. Direct DNA sequencing of the TTR gene revealed a G to T mutation, causing a Lys to Asn substitution at position 35. This is the first FAP case in Korea which was diagnosed by a DNA test.

Interaction and functional cooperation of the cancer-amplified transcriptional coactivator activating signal cointegrator-2 and E2F-1 in cell proliferation.

Activating signal cointegrator-2 (ASC-2), a novel coactivator, is amplified in several cancer cells and known to interact with mitogenic transcription factors, including serum response factor, activating protein-1, and nuclear factor-kappaB, suggesting the physiological role of ASC-2 in the promotion of cell proliferation. Here, we show that the expression pattern of ASC-2 was correlated with that of E2F-1 for protein increases at G(1) and S phase. Furthermore, cells stably overexpressing ASC-2 had an increased cell proliferation profile.