Distinct subtypes of spatial brain metabolism patterns in Alzheimer's disease identified by deep learning-based FDG PET clusters.

Purpose: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous disease that presents a broad spectrum of clinicopathologic profiles. To date, objective subtyping of AD independent of disease progression using brain imaging has been required. Our study aimed to extract representations of unique brain metabolism patterns different from disease progression to identify objective subtypes of AD.

Deep learning signature of brain [F]FDG PET associated with cognitive outcome of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.

An objective biomarker to predict the outcome of isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is crucial for the management. This study aimed to investigate cognitive signature of brain [F]FDG PET based on deep learning (DL) for evaluating patients with iRBD. Fifty iRBD patients, 19 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (RBD-MCI) and 31 without MCI (RBD-nonMCI), were prospectively enrolled.

Phase I Clinical Trial of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeting Ga-NGUL PET/CT in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Prostate Cancer.

Objective: Ga-NGUL is a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting tracer based on Glu-Urea-Lys derivatives conjugated to a 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-, ', ″-triacetic acid (NOTA) chelator via a thiourea-type short linker. This phase I clinical trial of Ga-NGUL was conducted to evaluate the safety and radiation dosimetry of Ga-NGUL in healthy volunteers and the lesion detection rate of Ga-NGUL in patients with prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: We designed a prospective, open-label, single-arm clinical trial with two cohorts comprising six healthy adult men and six patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

Transforming Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Staging Information from Unstructured Reports to the Observational Medical Outcome Partnership Common Data Model.

Background: Cancer staging information is an essential component of cancer research. However, the information is primarily stored as either a full or semistructured free-text clinical document which is limiting the data use. By transforming the cancer-specific data to the Observational Medical Outcome Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP CDM), the information can contribute to establish multicenter observational cancer studies.

Phase 1 Study of No-Carrier Added 177Lu-DOTATATE (SNU-KB-01) in Patients with Somatostatin Receptor-Positive Neuroendocrine Tumors: The First Clinical Trial of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Korea.

Purpose: To provide a wider choice of treatment opportunities for patients with neuroendocrine tumor (NET) in Korea, we have conducted a phase 1, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation study of SNU-KB-01, a no-carrier added (NCA) 177Lu-labeled DOTATATE.

Materials And Methods: Seven patients with inoperable, progressive, metastatic, or locally advanced, somatostatin receptor-positive NET with Ki67 index ≤ 20% were enrolled according to the rolling six design. The study consisted of two cohorts to receive 4 cycles of SNU-KB-01 every 8 weeks for the first dose of 5.

Second primary malignancy risk in thyroid cancer and matched patients with and without radioiodine therapy analysis from the observational health data sciences and informatics.

Purpose: Risk of second primary malignancy (SPM) after radioiodine (RAI) therapy has been continuously debated. The aim of this study is to identify the risk of SPM in thyroid cancer (TC) patients with RAI compared with TC patients without RAI from matched cohort.

Methods: Retrospective propensity-matched cohorts were constructed across 4 hospitals in South Korea via the Observational Health Data Science and Informatics (OHDSI), and electrical health records were converted to data of common data model.

Comparison of endoscopically determined gross tumor volume and metabolic tumor volume in esophageal cancer.

The purpose of this study is to compare the longitudinal location of endoscopically-defined gross tumor volume (GTV) and positron emission tomography-based metabolic tumor volume (MTV) of esophageal cancer.A retrospective review of medical records was performed of the nine patients who underwent endoscopic placement of fiducial markers for radiotherapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Endoscopic hemoclips were used as the fiducial markers, and GTV was newly delineated solely based on the locations of the fiducial markers.

Quantitative salivary gland SPECT/CT using deep convolutional neural networks.

Quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) using Tc-99m pertechnetate aids in evaluating salivary gland function. However, gland segmentation and quantitation of gland uptake is challenging. We develop a salivary gland SPECT/CT with automated segmentation using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN).

Head-to-Head Comparison of Ga-NOTA (Ga-NGUL) and Ga-PSMA-11 in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Study.

Ga-NOTA Glu-Urea-Lys (NGUL) is a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting tracer used for PET/CT imaging. This study aimed to compare performance in the detection of primary and metastatic lesions and to compare biodistribution between Ga-NGUL and Ga-PSMA-11 in the same patients with prostate cancer. Eleven patients with metastatic prostate cancer were prospectively recruited.

Spleen Scan for Ga-DOTATOC PET-Positive Pancreatic Tail Lesion: Differential Diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Tumor from Accessory Spleen.

Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT is widely used as a functional imaging technique in the detection and characterization of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Pancreatic NET and intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) have similar radiologic characteristics in anatomical imaging and usually show high uptake of Ga-DOTATOC. Thus, it is challenging to make a differential diagnosis between NET and IPAS when the tumor-like lesion is located in the pancreatic tail.

Basal and Acetazolamide Brain Perfusion SPECT in Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis.

Internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis including Moyamoya disease needs revascularization when hemodynamic insufficiency is validated. Vascular reserve impairment was the key to find the indication for endarterectomy/bypass surgery in the atherosclerotic ICA stenosis and to determine the indication, treatment effect, and prognosis in Moyamoya diseases. Vascular reserve was quantitatively assessed by 1-day split-dose I-123 IMP basal/acetazolamide SPECT in Japan or by Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT in other countries using qualitative or semi-quantitative method.

Deep learning-based interpretation of basal/acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT leveraging unstructured reading reports.

Purpose: Basal/acetazolamide brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been used to evaluate functional hemodynamics in patients with carotid artery stenosis. We aimed to develop a deep learning model as a support system for interpreting brain perfusion SPECT leveraging unstructured text reports.

Methods: In total, 7345 basal/acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT images and their text reports were retrospectively collected.

Clinical implication of 18F-NaF PET/computed tomography indexes of aortic calcification in coronary artery disease patients: correlations with cardiovascular risk factors.

Objective: Vascular calcification is known to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Recently, F-NaF PET has been reported to be effective for detecting early and active vascular calcification. In this study, correlations between F-NaF PET/computed tomography (CT) findings and cardiovascular risk factors were investigated in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

Amyloid PET Quantification Via End-to-End Training of a Deep Learning.

Purpose: Although quantification of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) is important for evaluating patients with cognitive impairment, its routine clinical use is hampered by complicated preprocessing steps and required MRI. Here, we suggested a one-step quantification based on deep learning using native-space amyloid PET images of different radiotracers acquired from multiple centers.

Methods: Amyloid PET data of the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were used for this study.

Minimum Standardized Uptake Value from Quantitative Bone Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography for Evaluation of Femoral Head Viability in Patients with Femoral Neck Fracture.

Purpose: Bone single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) has been widely used for evaluation of femoral head viability in patients with femoral neck fracture. The current study aimed to investigate utility of standardized uptake value (SUV) from quantitative bone SPECT/CT for assessment of femoral head viability.

Methods: From March 2015 to November 2018, quantitative bone SPECT/CT was performed in 9 patients with non-viable femoral head post femoral neck fracture and in 31 controls.

Slit ventricle syndrome and early-onset secondary craniosynostosis in an infant.

Patient: Female, 14 months

Final Diagnosis: Slit ventricle syndrome Symptoms: Hydrocephalus • lethargy and seizure • vomiting

Medication: - Clinical Procedure: - Specialty: Pediatrics and Neonatology.

Objective: Challenging differential diagnosis.

Background: Shunt surgery is a common solution for hydrocephalus in infancy.

Adipose tissue is an extramedullary reservoir for functional hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in adipose tissue contains a pool of various stem and progenitor cells, but the existence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the SVF has not been seriously considered. We detected the presence of HSPCs in the SVF by phenotypically probing with Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-kit(+) (LSK) and functionally confirming the presence using colony-forming cell assay and assessing the long-term multilineage reconstitution ability after SVF transplantation. The LSK population in the SVF was 0.