Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy After Chemotherapy and the Optimal Interval from Radiotherapy to Surgery for Borderline Resectable and Resectable Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: Benefits of neoadjuvant treatment for pancreatic cancer with major vessel invasion has been demonstrated through randomized controlled trials; however, the optimal neoadjuvant treatment strategy remains controversial, especially for radiotherapy. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy and the optimal time interval to undergo surgery after radiotherapy in (borderline) resectable pancreatic cancer.

Methods: Between 2013 and 2022, patients with (borderline) resectable pancreatic cancer with vessel contact who received 5-fluorouracil with leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan or gemcitabine and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel as initial treatment following surgery were included.

Prognostic Evaluation and Survival Prediction for Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma Following Hepatectomy.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess prognostic factors associated with combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) and to predict 5-year survival based on these factors.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent definitive hepatectomy from 2006 to 2022 at a single institution was retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria involved a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of cHCC-CCA.

Prognostic Significance of Bulky Nodal Disease in Anal Cancer Management: A Multi-institutional Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of bulky nodal involvement in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of patients diagnosed with anal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent definitive chemoradiotherapy at three medical centers between 2004 and 2021. Exclusion criteria included distant metastasis at diagnosis, 2D radiotherapy, and salvage treatment for local relapse.

Assessment of lymph node area coverage with total marrow irradiation and implementation of total marrow and lymphoid irradiation using automated deep learning-based segmentation.

Background: Total marrow irradiation (TMI) and total marrow and lymphoid irradiation (TMLI) have the advantages. However, delineating target lesions according to TMI and TMLI plans is labor-intensive and time-consuming. In addition, although the delineation of target lesions between TMI and TMLI differs, the clinical distinction is not clear, and the lymph node (LN) area coverage during TMI remains uncertain.

Safety and Efficacy of Neoadjuvant SABR in Pancreatic Cancer: Effect of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Respiratory-Gated Adaptive Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant SABR using magnetic resonance imaging-guided respiratory-gated adaptive radiation therapy (MRgRg-ART) in pancreatic cancer.

Methods And Materials: We performed a single-institution retrospective review in patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent neoadjuvant SABR followed by surgical resection. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, those considered resectable by the multidisciplinary team received SABR over 5 consecutive days using MRgRg-ART.

Total neoadjuvant therapy with short-course radiotherapy Versus long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal cancer, Korean trial (TV-LARK trial): study protocol of a multicentre randomized controlled trial.

Background: For locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) may enhance tumour response, reduce recurrence, and improve patient compliance compared to upfront surgery. Recent studies have shown that chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by consolidation chemotherapy leads to higher rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) than induction chemotherapy followed by CRT. However, an optimal TNT regimen that maximise the pCR rate and minimise toxicity has not been established.

Integrative modeling of tumor genomes and epigenomes for enhanced cancer diagnosis by cell-free DNA.

Multi-cancer early detection remains a key challenge in cell-free DNA (cfDNA)-based liquid biopsy. Here, we perform cfDNA whole-genome sequencing to generate two test datasets covering 2125 patient samples of 9 cancer types and 1241 normal control samples, and also a reference dataset for background variant filtering based on 20,529 low-depth healthy samples. An external cfDNA dataset consisting of 208 cancer and 214 normal control samples is used for additional evaluation.

Dosimetric evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging-guided adaptive radiation therapy in pancreatic cancer by extent of re-contouring of organs-at-risk.

Purpose: The safety of online contouring and planning for adaptive radiotherapy is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the dosimetric difference of the organ-at-risk (OAR) according to the extent of contouring in stereotactic magnetic resonance image-guided adaptive RT (SMART) for pancreatic cancer.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the treatment plan data used for SMART in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Plasma Cell-Free DNA in Uterine Cervical Cancer: Therapeutic Monitoring and Prognostic Values after Radical Radiotherapy.

Purpose: In the present study, we aimed to establish a liquid biopsy-based monitoring method using peripheral blood cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for patients with cervical cancer who underwent radical radiotherapy (RT).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five patients with cervical cancer were prospectively recruited and treated with external beam RT and brachytherapy. In all patients, except one, chemotherapy was administered concurrently during RT.

Consolidatory ablative stereotactic body radiation therapy after induction chemotherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer: A single center experience.

Background And Purpose: Consolidatory radiotherapy in form of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with an ablative dose following induction chemotherapy is emerging as a promising treatment scheme for unresectable pancreatic cancer. Outcomes of given treatment at a single center for contiguous patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer were evaluated to build the optimal treatment strategy.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 50 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer who underwent induction chemotherapy and ablative dose SBRT were included.

Standard versus longer interval of radical resection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: A 20-year single-center experience & propensity-score matching.

Background And Objectives: Despite the standard interval of 6-8 weeks between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and surgery, it is debated whether an interval of >8 weeks increases the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate. We investigated the interval between nCRT and surgery, and its impact on oncological outcomes and postoperative complications in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with rectal cancer who underwent total mesorectal excision after long-course nCRT between 2000 and 2020.

Prediction and clinical impact of delayed lymphopenia after chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: The dosimetric factors of radiotherapy have an acute impact on the host immune system during chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, even after CRT, a substantial number of patients remain immunosuppressed with delayed lymphopenia. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate clinical and dose-volumetric predictors of delayed lymphopenia after CRT in locally advanced NSCLC.

Image-Guided Versus Conventional Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: Experience of Single Institution with the Same Practitioner and Time Period.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare treatment outcomes and toxicity profile between imaged-guided brachytherapy (IGBT) versus conventional brachytherapy (CBT) performed by the same practitioner during the same time period.

Materials And Methods: Medical records of 104 eligible patients who underwent brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty patients (48.

Role of Dedicated Subspecialized Radiologists in Multidisciplinary Team Discussions on Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers.

Objective: To determine the impact of dedicated subspecialized radiologists in multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussions on the management of lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract malignancies.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 244 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 61.7 ± 11.

A Novel Scoring System for Response of Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Using Early-Treatment Blood Features Derived From Machine Learning.

Background: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, individual responses to preoperative CRT vary from patient to patient. The aim of this study is to develop a scoring system for the response of preoperative CRT in LARC using blood features derived from machine learning.

Impact of Computed Tomography-Based, Artificial Intelligence-Driven Volumetric Sarcopenia on Survival Outcomes in Early Cervical Cancer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of sarcopenia and body composition change during primary treatment on survival outcomes in patients with early cervical cancer. We retrospectively identified patients diagnosed with 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB1-IIA2 cervical cancer who underwent primary radical hysterectomy between 2007 and 2019. From pre-treatment CT scans (n = 306), the skeletal muscle area at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) and the waist skeletal muscle volume were measured using an artificial intelligence-based tool.

Current usage of stereotactic body radiotherapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer in Korea: patterns of care survey (KROG 19-08).

Background: Growing evidence suggests that metastasis-directed therapy and/or prostate-directed therapy may benefit patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC). Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is increasingly used to treat oligometastases in various cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current patterns of curative-intent SBRT for OMPC in Korea.

The Role of Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Nonhilar Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer: A Long-Term Single-Institution Analysis.

Purpose: Despite frequent use in the clinical setting, especially for patients with high-risk factors for relapse, the role of adjuvant treatment has not been clarified in nonhilar extrahepatic bile duct cancer (NH-EHBDC). The goal of this study is to identify the role of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in NH-EHBDC patients after radical surgery.

Methods And Materials: Patients with NH-EHBDC who underwent radical surgery from July 2007 to December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively.

Point of care airway ultrasound to select tracheal tube and determine insertion depth in cleft repair surgery.

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of using airway ultrasonography to select the correct tracheal tube size and insertion depth in pediatric patients who underwent cleft repair surgery as a way to decrease airway complications and adverse events during perioperative periods. Fifty-one patients (age < 28 months) were consecutively divided into conventional (n = 28) and ultrasound (n = 23) groups. Tracheal tube size and insertion depth were determined using the age-based formula and auscultation in the conventional group, whereas using ultrasonographic measurement of subglottic diameter with auscultation and lung ultrasonography in the ultrasound group.

Optimal treatment strategies for small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A retrospective multi-center study (KROG 19-03).

Objective: This multi-institutional study aimed to identify the optimal treatment strategy for small cell carcinoma of the cervix.

Study Design: We retrospectively collected the medical records of 166 patients diagnosed with small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix from January 2000 to December 2015 from 13 institutions of the Korean Radiation Oncology Group. After excluding 18 (10.

Newly Synthesized DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors as Radiosensitizers for Human Lung Cancer and Glioblastoma Cells.

Background/aim: Improvement of the efficacy of radiotherapy for lung cancer and glioblastoma is urgently needed.

Materials And Methods: We synthesized several novel DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and evaluated their potentials as possible radiosensitizers. Eleven non-nucleoside compounds were synthesized and evaluated along with one known compound using human lung cancer (A549) and glioblastoma (U373MG) cells.

Impact of intracavitary brachytherapy technique (2D versus 3D) on outcomes of cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of brachytherapy (BT) technique (two-dimensional [2D] or three-dimensional image-guided [3D]) on outcomes of cervical cancer patients.

Methods: PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched up to April 16, 2019, for studies which evaluated the effect of 3D-BT compared to 2D-BT in cervical cancer. Endpoints included cumulative incidence of severe toxicity, locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Effectiveness and feasibility of external beam radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena cava and/or right atrium involvement: a multicenter trial in Korea (KROG 17-10).

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involving the inferior vena cava (IVC) and/or right atrium (RA) can affect systemic circulation, causing fatal complications. Standard treatment is yet to be established due to its rarity and intractability. We sought to determine the clinical efficacy of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in HCC treatment.

Lower Extremity Lymphedema in Gynecologic Cancer Patients: Propensity Score Matching Analysis of External Beam Radiation versus Brachytherapy.

The goal of this study is to compare the risk of lower extremity lymphedema (LEL) between pelvic external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and vaginal brachytherapy, and to identify risk factors for LEL in gynecologic cancer patients treated with adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) after radical surgery. A total of 263 stage I-III gynecologic cancer patients who underwent adjuvant RT were retrospectively reviewed. One-to-one case-matched analysis was conducted with propensity scores generated from patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics.