New Bipolar Host Materials Based on Indolocarbazole for Red Phosphorescent OLEDs.

We designed and synthesized new indolocarbazole-triazine derivatives, 9-di-tert-butyl-5,7-bis(4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)-5,7-dihydroindolo[2,3-b]carbazole (2TRZ-P-ICz) and 3,9-di-tert-butyl-5,7-bis(5'-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-[1,1':3',1″-terphenyl]-2'-yl)-5,7-dihydroindolo[2,3-b]carbazole (2TRZ-TP-ICz), as new bipolar host materials for red phosphorescent OLEDs. In the film state, 2TRZ-P-ICz and 2TRZ-TP-ICz exhibited photoluminescence maxima at 480 nm and 488 nm, respectively. The dipole moment characteristics of the new compounds under various solvent conditions were investigated using the Lippert-Mataga equation.

Improving the Electroluminescence Properties of New Chrysene Derivatives with High Color Purity for Deep-Blue OLEDs.

Two blue-emitting materials, 4-(12-([1,1':3',1″-terphenyl]-5'-yl)chrysen-6-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline (TPA-C-TP) and 6-([1,1':3',1″-terphenyl]-5'-yl)-12-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)chrysene (TPE-C-TP), were prepared with the composition of a chrysene core moiety and terphenyl (TP), triphenyl amine (TPA), and tetraphenylethylene (TPE) moieties as side groups. The maximum photoluminescence (PL) emission wavelengths of TPA-C-TP and TPE-C-TP were 435 and 369 nm in the solution state and 444 and 471 nm in the film state. TPA-C-TP effectively prevented intermolecular packing through the introduction of TPA, a bulky aromatic amine group, and it showed an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 86% in the film state.

-LIGHT: Synthetic Dataset for the Separation of Diffuse and Specular Reflection Images.

Several studies in computer vision have examined specular removal, which is crucial for object detection and recognition. This research has traditionally been divided into two tasks: specular highlight removal, which focuses on removing specular highlights on object surfaces, and reflection removal, which deals with specular reflections occurring on glass surfaces. In reality, however, both types of specular effects often coexist, making it a fundamental challenge that has not been adequately addressed.

Enhancement of Optical and Chemical Resistance Properties with a Novel Yellow Quinophthalone Derivative for Image Sensor Colorants.

A novel quinophthalone derivative, 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2-(2-(3-hydroxy-1-oxo-1-cyclopenta[]naphthalen-2-yl)quinolin-4-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (TCHCQ), was designed and synthesized as a yellow colorant additive for green color filters in image sensors. The characteristics of the new material were evaluated in terms of optical, thermal, and chemical properties under solution and color filter film conditions. TCHCQ exhibited a significantly enhanced molar extinction coefficient in solution, being 1.

Enhancing OLED emitter efficiency through increased rigidity.

Three new blue materials, TPI-InCz, PAI-InCz, and CN-PAI-InCz, have been developed. In the film state, TPI-InCz and PAI-InCz exhibited emission peaks at 411 and 431 nm indicating deep blue emission. CN-PAI-InCz showed a peak emission at 452 nm, within the real blue region.

Effects of thermal annealing on analog resistive switching behavior in bilayer HfO/ZnO synaptic devices: the role of ZnO grain boundaries.

The effects of thermal annealing on analog resistive switching behavior in bilayer HfO/ZnO synaptic devices were investigated. The annealed active ZnO layer between the top Pd electrode and the HfO layer exhibited electroforming-free resistive switching. In particular, the switching uniformity, stability, and reliability of the synaptic devices were dramatically improved thermal annealing at 600 °C atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that active ZnO films demonstrated increased grain size upon annealing from 400 °C to 700 °C, whereas the ZnO film thickness and the annealing of the HfO layer in bilayer HfO/ZnO synaptic devices did not profoundly affect the analog switching behavior.

A High-Efficiency Deep Blue Emitter for OLEDs with a New Dual-Core Structure Incorporating ETL Characteristics.

In this study, we introduced the weak electron-accepting oxazole derivative 4,5-diphenyl-2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)oxazole (TPO) into both anthracene and pyrene moieties of a dual core structure. Ultimately, we developed 2-(4-(6-(anthracen-9-yl)pyren-1-yl)phenyl)-4,5-diphenyloxazole (AP-TPO) as the substitution on the second core, pyrene, and 4,5-diphenyl-2-(4-(10-(pyren-1-yl)anthracen-9-yl)phenyl)oxazole (TPO-AP) as the substitution on the first core, anthracene. Both materials exhibited maximum photoluminescence wavelengths at 433 and 443 nm in solution and emitted deep blue light with high photoluminescence quantum yields of 82% and 88%, respectively.

Tailoring the Size and Shape of ZnO Nanoparticles for Enhanced Performance of OLED Device.

We synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by meticulously controlling both temperature and reaction times, allowing us to fine-tune their crystalline properties, morphology, and particle dimensions. This analysis confirmed the existence of a mixture of rod and sphere shapes (ZnO-I), including rod-shaped NPs with an average size of 14.8 nm × 5.

Effect of Trap Behavior on the Reliability Instability of Metamorphic Buffer in InAlAs/InGaAs MHEMT on GaAs.

Our investigation focused on assessing the influence of the metamorphic buffer in metamorphic high-electron-mobility transistors (MHEMT) that were grown on GaAs substrates. While an MHEMT exhibited elevated off-state current levels, its direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) traits were found to be comparable to those of InP-based lattice-matched high-electron-mobility transistors (LM-HEMTs). However, the Pulsed I-V measurement results confirmed the presence of the fast transient charging effect, leading to a more substantial degradation in drain current observed in MHEMT.

Impact of Charge-Trapping Effects on Reliability Instability in AlGaN/GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors with Various Al Compositions.

In this study, we present a detailed analysis of trapping characteristics at the AlGaN/GaN interface of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with reliability assessments, demonstrating how the composition of the Al in the AlGaN barrier impacts the performance of the device. Reliability instability assessment in two different AlGaN/GaN HEMTs [x = 0.25, 0.

Explicit Thermal Resistance Model of Self-Heating Effects of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with Linear and Non-Linear Thermal Conductivity.

We presented an explicit empirical model of the thermal resistance of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors on three distinct substrates, including sapphire, SiC, and Si. This model considered both a linear and non-linear thermal resistance model of AlGaN/GaN HEMT, the thickness of the host substrate layers, and the gate length and width. The non-linear nature of channel temperature-visible at the high-power dissipation stage-along with linear dependency, was constructed within a single equation.

Effect of high-pressure D and H annealing on LFN properties in FD-SOI pTFET.

Tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) are a promising candidate for the next generation of low-power devices, but their performance is very sensitive to traps near the tunneling junction. This study investigated the effects of high-pressure deuterium (D) annealing and hydrogen (H) annealing on the electrical performance and low-frequency noise (LFN) of a fully depleted silicon-on-insulator p-type TFET. Without high-pressure annealing, the typical noise power spectral density exhibited two Lorentzian spectra that were affected by fast and slow trap sites.

Novel Yellow Azo Pyridone Derivatives with Different Halide Atoms for Image-Sensor Color Filters.

Novel yellow azo pyridone dye derivatives were synthesized for use in image-sensor color filters. The synthesized compounds have a basic chemical structure composed of azo, hydroxy, amide, and nitrile groups as well as different halide groups. New materials were evaluated on the basis of their optical, thermal, and surface properties under conditions mimicking those of a commercial device fabrication process.

Three-Color White Photoluminescence Emission Using Perovskite Nanoplatelets and Organic Emitter.

Three organic blue-light-emitting tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives that exhibit aggregation-induced emission (AIE) were used as additives in the preparation of inorganic perovskite-structured green-light-emitting materials for three-color white-light emission. For these organic-inorganic light-emitting materials, two-color (blue and green) light-emitting films based on the CsPbBr perovskite-structured green-light-emitting inorganic material were prepared. The three TPE derivatives were prepared by varying the number of bromide groups, and a distinct AIE effect was confirmed when the derivatives were dissolved in a water-tetrahydrofuran mixed solvent containing 90 vol% water.

Zinc oxide and indium-gallium-zinc-oxide bi-layer synaptic device with highly linear long-term potentiation and depression characteristics.

The electrical properties, resistive switching behavior, and long-term potentiation/depression (LTP/LTD) in a single indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) and bi-layer IGZO/ZnO (ZnO: zinc oxide) memristors were investigated for synapse application. The use of the oxide bi-layer memristors, in particular, improved electrical properties such as stability, memristor reliability, and an increase in synaptic weight states. The set voltage of bi-layer IGZO/ZnO memristors was 0.

Synthesis and Electroluminescence Property of Anthracene Green Fluorescent Derivatives Based on Optimized Side Groups.

Molecular size of OLED emitting materials is nano-metric size and when it is applied to the electric field it emits the light based on the energy conversion result. As new green fluorescent emitters, N,N,N',N'-Tetra--tolyl-anthracene-9,10-diamine (-Me-TAD) and -Tetra--tolyl-anthracene-9,10-diamine (-Me-TAD) were synthesized and the properties were evaluated. In solution state, photoluminescence (PL) maximum wavelength is 517 nm for -Me-TAD and 529 nm for -Me-TAD.

High Efficiency Green Fluorescent Dopant Through the Optimized Side Group for Organic Light Emitting Diodes.

OLED light emitting materials have a molecular size corresponding to the nano scale and are converted into light energy when given electrical energy. The new green fluorescent dopant material was successfully synthesized by using anthracene as a central core and introducing a methyl group and tert-butyl group at various positions as diphenylamine group. Two compounds are N,N,N,N-tetraphenylanthracene-9,10-diamine (TAD) and N,N-bis(4-(tert-butyl) phenyl)-N,N-di-o-tolylanthracene-9,10-diamine (-Tb-o-Me-TAD).

Synthesis and Blue Pixel Property of New Violet Dye for Image Sensors.

In this study, a blue photoresist with the hybrid dye-pigment system was developed by mixing xanthene-based dye (XPDIA) and blue pigment 15:6 (1:1, 5 wt% of total mixture amount) in order to develop high-performance image sensors with high thermal and chemical stability. The colorant used in this study has the nano-sized particle of around 100 nm and the physical property is related with the photonic property in image sensor application such as the cameras of mobile phone, car black box, security, etc. The hybrid dye-pigment system showed a high transmittance of more than 90% at 450 nm, and Δ showed very low color difference of 0.

New Thermal Latent Catalyst Using Titanium and Organic Ligand for Urethane Polymerization.

New thermal-latent metal catalyst such as tetrakis (lauorate) titanium (LPTi) was designed and synthesized based on a lauroyl peroxide and titanium. The synthetic method is simple with one step reaction. LPTi structure was confirmed by FT-IR analysis, also nano-sized structure of LPTi confirmed using SEM-EDX.

Anthracene Green Fluorescent Derivatives Based on Optimized Side Groups for Highly Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diode Emitters.

Two green fluorescent materials, -Tetra--tolyl-anthracene-9,10-diamine (-Me-TAD) and -bis(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N,N'-di--tolylanthracene-9,10-diamine (DMe--Me-TAD) including anthracene and diphenylamine moiety, were synthesized by Buchwald-Hartwig amination. In solution state, PL maximum wavelength of o-Me-TAD and DMe--Me-TAD is 518 nm and 520 nm. The doped device using o-Me-TAD as green fluorescent dopant exhibited CE of 19.

Synthesis and Physical Properties of New Blue Color Filter Dye Using on Triarylmethine Moiety for Image Sensors.

In this study, a triarylmethine derivative of DMCEBA-BTSA with the high thermal and chemical stability was newly synthesized in order to develop a high-performance image sensor. It showed a high transmittance of more than 80% at 450 nm and △ showed a very low color difference of 2.32 after thermal treatment.

Comparison of Structural Integrity and Functional Outcome Between Delaminated and Nondelaminated Rotator Cuff Tears After En Masse Arthroscopic Repair: A Retrospective Cohort Study With Propensity Score Matching.

Background: Arthroscopic repair of delaminated rotator cuff tears (RCTs) has shown poor prognoses. Despite the importance of delaminated tears, only a few studies have compared delaminated and nondelaminated tears.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and structural integrity after en masse arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between delaminated and nondelaminated RCTs and to evaluate whether infraspinatus tendon involvement affects the prognosis for delaminated tears after arthroscopic cuff repair, through use of propensity score matching for precise comparison.

Analysis of a survey on orthopaedic residency training for fracture treatment in Korea.

Introduction: Fracture surgery is the most frequently performed orthopaedic procedure and is considered an essential surgical procedure for orthopaedic surgeons in general. Although the approach and circumstances of orthopaedic residency training for fracture treatment may differ between countries, the goals of training, which is to educate the residents regarding the principles of the fracture treatment and foster conscientious orthopaedic specialists, remain unchanged. Thus, the aim of the this study was to determine a desirable course of orthopaedic residency training by investigating and analysing the reality of training associated with fracture surgery and treatment during the orthopaedic residency of 4th year orthopaedic residents in Korea.

Endoscopic resection of asymptomatic, colonic, polypoid arteriovenous malformations: Two case reports and a literature review.

A colonic arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a significant vascular lesion of the gastrointestinal tract and a common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. AVMs are usually identified endoscopically as bright red, flat lesions. AVMs with a polypoid appearance are extremely rare in the large intestine.

Two-Step Growth of Epitaxial InP Layers by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition.

In this study, we report experimental results on the epitaxial growth of InP layer on GaAs (001) substrate by using MOCVD. We have systematically controlled nucleation steps in order to obtain InP epitaxial layers with high crystallinity quality. The controlling parameters were flow ratio of V/IIIsources and thicknesses of nucleation layer for nucleation steps.