Effects of thermal annealing on analog resistive switching behavior in bilayer HfO/ZnO synaptic devices: the role of ZnO grain boundaries.

The effects of thermal annealing on analog resistive switching behavior in bilayer HfO/ZnO synaptic devices were investigated. The annealed active ZnO layer between the top Pd electrode and the HfO layer exhibited electroforming-free resistive switching. In particular, the switching uniformity, stability, and reliability of the synaptic devices were dramatically improved thermal annealing at 600 °C atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that active ZnO films demonstrated increased grain size upon annealing from 400 °C to 700 °C, whereas the ZnO film thickness and the annealing of the HfO layer in bilayer HfO/ZnO synaptic devices did not profoundly affect the analog switching behavior.

Effect of Trap Behavior on the Reliability Instability of Metamorphic Buffer in InAlAs/InGaAs MHEMT on GaAs.

Our investigation focused on assessing the influence of the metamorphic buffer in metamorphic high-electron-mobility transistors (MHEMT) that were grown on GaAs substrates. While an MHEMT exhibited elevated off-state current levels, its direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) traits were found to be comparable to those of InP-based lattice-matched high-electron-mobility transistors (LM-HEMTs). However, the Pulsed I-V measurement results confirmed the presence of the fast transient charging effect, leading to a more substantial degradation in drain current observed in MHEMT.

Impact of Charge-Trapping Effects on Reliability Instability in AlGaN/GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors with Various Al Compositions.

In this study, we present a detailed analysis of trapping characteristics at the AlGaN/GaN interface of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with reliability assessments, demonstrating how the composition of the Al in the AlGaN barrier impacts the performance of the device. Reliability instability assessment in two different AlGaN/GaN HEMTs [x = 0.25, 0.

Explicit Thermal Resistance Model of Self-Heating Effects of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with Linear and Non-Linear Thermal Conductivity.

We presented an explicit empirical model of the thermal resistance of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors on three distinct substrates, including sapphire, SiC, and Si. This model considered both a linear and non-linear thermal resistance model of AlGaN/GaN HEMT, the thickness of the host substrate layers, and the gate length and width. The non-linear nature of channel temperature-visible at the high-power dissipation stage-along with linear dependency, was constructed within a single equation.

Effect of high-pressure D and H annealing on LFN properties in FD-SOI pTFET.

Tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) are a promising candidate for the next generation of low-power devices, but their performance is very sensitive to traps near the tunneling junction. This study investigated the effects of high-pressure deuterium (D) annealing and hydrogen (H) annealing on the electrical performance and low-frequency noise (LFN) of a fully depleted silicon-on-insulator p-type TFET. Without high-pressure annealing, the typical noise power spectral density exhibited two Lorentzian spectra that were affected by fast and slow trap sites.

Zinc oxide and indium-gallium-zinc-oxide bi-layer synaptic device with highly linear long-term potentiation and depression characteristics.

The electrical properties, resistive switching behavior, and long-term potentiation/depression (LTP/LTD) in a single indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) and bi-layer IGZO/ZnO (ZnO: zinc oxide) memristors were investigated for synapse application. The use of the oxide bi-layer memristors, in particular, improved electrical properties such as stability, memristor reliability, and an increase in synaptic weight states. The set voltage of bi-layer IGZO/ZnO memristors was 0.

The risk of concomitant injuries of the contralateral side in valgus injured knee by lateral bumper impact - "Windswept injury mechanism".

Purpose: Valgus injury of high energy of the lateral bumper impact can lead blows to the inside of the knee that push the knee outwards or indirect injury where a varus force is applied to the contralateral knee, which injury pattern named as "Windswept injury mechanism" in this study. The objective of this study was to establish injury pattern in the contralateral side knee on the basis of this pattern recognition to enhance a diagnosis of interrelated osseous and soft-tissue injuries.

Methods: Sixteen patients by "Windswept injury mechanism" were identified, who visited a level 1 trauma center between Jan 2007 and Dec 2016.

Comparison of Structural Integrity and Functional Outcome Between Delaminated and Nondelaminated Rotator Cuff Tears After En Masse Arthroscopic Repair: A Retrospective Cohort Study With Propensity Score Matching.

Background: Arthroscopic repair of delaminated rotator cuff tears (RCTs) has shown poor prognoses. Despite the importance of delaminated tears, only a few studies have compared delaminated and nondelaminated tears.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and structural integrity after en masse arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between delaminated and nondelaminated RCTs and to evaluate whether infraspinatus tendon involvement affects the prognosis for delaminated tears after arthroscopic cuff repair, through use of propensity score matching for precise comparison.

Navigated versus Conventional Technique in High Tibial Osteotomy: A Meta-Analysis Focusing on Weight Bearing Effect.

Purpose: We aimed to determine whether navigated opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is superior to the conventional technique in terms of accuracy of the coronal and sagittal alignment correction, functional outcome, and operative time.

Methods: Studies comparing navigated and conventional HTO were included in this meta-analysis. We compared the incidence of radiological outliers in coronal alignment and tibial slope maintenance, mean differences in functional outcome scales, and operative time.

Analysis of a survey on orthopaedic residency training for fracture treatment in Korea.

Introduction: Fracture surgery is the most frequently performed orthopaedic procedure and is considered an essential surgical procedure for orthopaedic surgeons in general. Although the approach and circumstances of orthopaedic residency training for fracture treatment may differ between countries, the goals of training, which is to educate the residents regarding the principles of the fracture treatment and foster conscientious orthopaedic specialists, remain unchanged. Thus, the aim of the this study was to determine a desirable course of orthopaedic residency training by investigating and analysing the reality of training associated with fracture surgery and treatment during the orthopaedic residency of 4th year orthopaedic residents in Korea.

Endoscopic resection of asymptomatic, colonic, polypoid arteriovenous malformations: Two case reports and a literature review.

A colonic arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a significant vascular lesion of the gastrointestinal tract and a common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. AVMs are usually identified endoscopically as bright red, flat lesions. AVMs with a polypoid appearance are extremely rare in the large intestine.

Two-Step Growth of Epitaxial InP Layers by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition.

In this study, we report experimental results on the epitaxial growth of InP layer on GaAs (001) substrate by using MOCVD. We have systematically controlled nucleation steps in order to obtain InP epitaxial layers with high crystallinity quality. The controlling parameters were flow ratio of V/IIIsources and thicknesses of nucleation layer for nucleation steps.

Multiple paracrine factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells contribute to angiogenesis.

The therapeutic effects of stem cell transplantation in ischemic disease are mediated by the production of paracrine bioactive factors. However, the bioactive factors secreted by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and their angiogenic activity are not clearly identified or determined. We here found that hMSC-derived conditioned media (hMSC-CdM) stimulated in vitro angiogenic activity of endothelial cells and contained significant levels of various growth factors and cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1).

Ischemic preconditioning-induced neuroprotection against transient cerebral ischemic damage via attenuating ubiquitin aggregation.

Ubiquitin binds to short-lived proteins, and denatured proteins are produced by various forms of injuries. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on free ubiquitin and its mutant form (ubiquitin(+1)) in the gerbil hippocampus induced by transient cerebral ischemia. The animals were randomly assigned to 4 groups (sham-operated-group, ischemia-operated-group, IPC plus (+)-sham-operated-group, and IPC+ischemia-operated-group).

Reducing the contact time of a bouncing drop.

Surfaces designed so that drops do not adhere to them but instead bounce off have received substantial attention because of their ability to stay dry, self-clean and resist icing. A drop striking a non-wetting surface of this type will spread out to a maximum diameter and then recoil to such an extent that it completely rebounds and leaves the solid material. The amount of time that the drop is in contact with the solid--the 'contact time'--depends on the inertia and capillarity of the drop, internal dissipation and surface-liquid interactions.

Korean Red Ginseng protects endothelial cells from serum-deprived apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2 family protein dynamics and caspase S-nitrosylation.

Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRGE) is a traditional herbal medicine utilized to prevent endothelium dysfunction in the cardiovascular system; however, its underlying mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. We here examined the pharmacological effect and molecular mechanism of KRGE on apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a serum-deprived apoptosis model. KRGE protected HUVECs from serum-deprived apoptosis by inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase-9/-3 activation.

Comparison of neuroprotective effects of extract and fractions from Agarum clathratum against experimentally induced transient cerebral ischemic damage.

Unlabelled: CONTEXTS: Agarum clathratum (Laminariaceae), a typical brown algae, has been identified by National Plant Quarantine Service in Korea. The extract of A. clathratum has antioxidant activities.

A randomized prospective study of glove perforation in orthopaedic surgery: is a thick glove more effective?

We compared perforation rates among operative staff who were randomly assigned either thick latex surgical gloves or conventional gloves for use in performing total knee arthroplasty. A total of 1120 gloves were assessed in 70 total knee arthroplasties. Additionally, the degree of tactile sensitivity provided by the gloves was compared using a two-point discrimination (TPD) test.

Hydrophobicity of rare-earth oxide ceramics.

Hydrophobic materials that are robust to harsh environments are needed in a broad range of applications. Although durable materials such as metals and ceramics, which are generally hydrophilic, can be rendered hydrophobic by polymeric modifiers, these deteriorate in harsh environments. Here we show that a class of ceramics comprising the entire lanthanide oxide series, ranging from ceria to lutecia, is intrinsically hydrophobic.

Rapid deceleration-driven wetting transition during pendant drop deposition on superhydrophobic surfaces.

A hitherto unknown mechanism for wetting transition is reported. When a pendant drop settles upon deposition, there is a virtual "collision" where its center of gravity undergoes rapid deceleration. This induces a high water hammer-type pressure that causes wetting transition.