Anti-thrombotic effects of ginsenoside Rk3 by regulating cAMP and PI3K/MAPK pathway on human platelets.

Background And Objective: The ability to inhibit aggregation has been demonstrated with synthetically derived ginsenoside compounds G-Rp (1, 3, and 4) and ginsenosides naturally found in 20(S)-Rg3, Rg6, F4, and Ro. Among these compounds, Rk3 (G-Rk3) from needs to be further explored in order to reveal the mechanisms of action during inhibition.

Methodology: Our study focused to investigate the action of G-Rk3 on agonist-stimulated human platelet aggregation, inhibition of platelet signaling molecules such as fibrinogen binding with integrin αβ using flow cytometry, intracellular calcium mobilization, dense granule secretion, and thromboxane B secretion.

Pharmacological Actions of 5-Hydroxyindolin-2 on Modulation of Platelet Functions and Thrombus Formation via Thromboxane A Inhibition and cAMP Production.

Platelets play a very significant role in hemostasis while simultaneously posing a risk for the development of various cardiovascular diseases. Platelet-mediated issues can occur in blood vessels and trigger various medical problems. Therefore, controlling platelet function is important in the prevention of thrombosis.

Anti-Thrombotic Effects of Artesunate through Regulation of cAMP and PI3K/MAPK Pathway on Human Platelets.

Normal activation of platelets and their aggregation are crucial for proper hemostasis. It appears that excessive or abnormal aggregation of platelets may bring about cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis. For this reason, finding a substance that can regulate platelet aggregation or suppress aggregation will aid in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Pharmacological actions of dieckol on modulation of platelet functions and thrombus formation via integrin αβ and cAMP signaling.

Background And Purpose: Dieckol is a phlorotannin that can be found in seaweeds, particularly in Eisenia bicyclis (brown algae) and is known to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties. It also possesses anti-thrombotic and pro-fibrinolytic activities; however, the mechanistic aspects of anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic activity are yet to be explored.

Study Design And Methodology: We investigated the pharmacological effects of dieckol on the modulation of platelet functions using human, rat, and mice models.

Ginsenoside Rk1 suppresses platelet mediated thrombus formation by downregulation of granule release and αβ activation.

Background And Objective: Synthetic ginsenoside compounds G-Rp (1,3, and 4) and natural ginsenosides in 20(S)-Rg3, Rg6, F4 and Ro have inhibitory actions on human platelets. However, the inhibitory mechanism of ginsenoside Rk1 (G-Rk1) is still unclear thus, we initiated investigation of the anti-platelet mechanism by G-Rk1 from .

Methodology: Our study focused to investigate the action of G-Rk1 on agonist-stimulated human platelet aggregation, inhibition of platelet signaling molecules such as fibrinogen binding with integrin αβ using flow cytometry, intracellular calcium mobilization, fibronectin adhesion, dense granule secretion, and thromboxane B2 secretion.

In Vitro Antiplatelet Activity of Mulberroside C through the Up-Regulation of Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling Pathways and Down-Regulation of Phosphoproteins.

Physiological agonists trigger signaling cascades, called "inside-out signaling", and activated platelets facilitate adhesion, shape change, granule release, and structural change of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (αIIb/β3). Activated αIIb/β3 interacts with fibrinogen and begins second signaling cascades called "outside-in signaling". These two signaling pathways can lead to hemostasis or thrombosis.

Derrone Inhibits Platelet Aggregation, Granule Secretion, Thromboxane A Generation, and Clot Retraction: An Study.

() is widespread throughout East Asia and in China and Korea, and it is widely used as a traditional remedy against eczema, mumps, and tuberculosis. With regard to the aforementioned medical efficacy, various studies are continuously being conducted, and it has been reported that extract has various actions against inflammation, diabetes, obesity, and tumors. Therefore, we evaluated antiplatelet effects using derrone in We examined the effect of derrone on the phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor I (IPRI), and on the dephosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A (cPLA), mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 (p38), and Akt, which affects platelet function and thrombus formation.

Pathological Properties of on the Mycelia and Fruit Body of .

Recently, has been reported as a new pathogen of shiitake (). However, its pathological properties are not much known. To further understand its impact on the mushroom, we investigated the pathogen's interactions with the mycelium of shiitake, histopathological properties, host range, and sensitivity to diverse antifungal agents.

Modulates Platelet Functions and Inhibits Thrombus Formation by Regulating Integrin αβ and cAMP Signaling.

Background: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasing at a high rate, and the available treatment options, sometimes, have complications which necessitates the need to develop safer and efficacious approaches. Ethnomedicinal applications reportedly reduce CVD risk. Jacq.

Isolation and Characterization of Airborne Mushroom Damaging spp. from Indoor Air of Cultivation Houses Used for Oak Wood Mushroom Production Using Sawdust Media.

Some species of the genus are reported as the major problem in oak wood mushroom production in Korea. In spite of economic loss by the fungi, scientific information on airborne species is not much available. To generate information for disease management development we analyzed airborne .

Inhibitory Effects of Ginsenoside Ro on Clot Retraction through Suppressing PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Human Platelets.

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (αIIb/β) is the most abundant integrin on platelet surfaces, which is involved in interaction between platelets, and triggers an intracellular signaling cascade, platelet shape changes, granule secretion, and clot retraction. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ginsenoside Ro (G-Ro) on the binding of fibronectin and fibrinogen to αIIb/β and clot retraction. We found that G-Ro inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation dose-dependently and attenuated the fibronectin-, and fibrinogen-binding to αIIb/β through the dephosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85 and Akt, which influence clot retraction, reflecting the intensification of thrombus.

Inhibitory effects of thromboxane A generation by ginsenoside Ro due to attenuation of cytosolic phospholipase A phosphorylation and arachidonic acid release.

Background: Thromboxane A (TXA) induces platelet aggregation and promotes thrombus formation. Although ginsenoside Ro (G-Ro) from is known to exhibit a Ca-antagonistic antiplatelet effect, whether it inhibits Ca-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A (cPLA) activity to prevent the release of arachidonic acid (AA), a TXA precursor, is unknown. In this study, we attempted to identify the mechanism underlying G-Ro-mediated TXA inhibition.

Inhibitory Effect of 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 on Human Platelet Aggregation and Intracellular Ca Levels via Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Dependent Manner.

Intracellular Ca ([Ca]) induces platelet aggregation, and influences the activation of aggregation associated-molecules. The increased [Ca] activates both the Ca/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of the myosin light chain and the diacylglycerol-dependent phosphorylation of pleckstrin to trigger granule secretion (i.e.

Ginsenoside-Rp3 inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation by regulating MAPK and cyclic nucleotide signaling.

Background & Purpose: Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) contains saponin fractions called ginsenosides, which are thought to be the main components responsible for its various pharmacological activities.

Gintonin modulates platelet function and inhibits thrombus formation via impaired glycoprotein VI signaling.

Panax ginseng (P. ginseng), one of the most valuable medicinal plants, is known for its healing and immunobooster properties and has been widely used in folk medicine against cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and heart attack. In this study, we explored the anti-platelet activity of gintonin (a recently discovered non-saponin fraction of ginseng) against agonist-induced platelet activation.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Crude Venom Isolated from Parasitoid Wasp, Say.

Pest control in the agricultural fields, a major concern globally, is currently achieved through chemical or biological methods. Chemical methods, which leave toxic residue in the produce, are less preferred than biological methods. Venoms injected by stings of various wasps that kill the pest is considered as the examples of the biological method.

Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer 1 Based Characterization of Button Mushroom () Strains.

Breeding the button mushroom requires genetic information about its strains. This study was undertaken to genetically characterize four domestically bred button mushroom strains (Saea, Saejung, Saedo, Saeyeon cultivars) and to assess the possibility of using the intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) region of rDNA as a genetically variable region in the genetic characterization. For the experiment, 34 strains of , two strains of , and one strain of , from 17 countries were used.

Antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of cordycepin-enriched WIB-801CE from Cordyceps militaris ex vivo, in vivo, and in vitro.

Background: A species of the fungal genus Cordyceps has been used as a complementary and alternative medicine of traditional Chinese medicine, and its major component cordycepin and cordycepin-enriched WIB-801CE are known to have antiplatelet effects in vitro. However, it is unknown whether they have also endogenous antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects. In this study, to resolve these doubts, we prepared cordycepin-enriched WIB-801CE, an ethanol extract from Cordyceps militaris-hypha, then evaluated its ex vivo, in vivo, and in vitro antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects.

Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein-phosphorylation by ginsenoside Ro inhibits fibrinogen binding to αIIb/β in thrombin-induced human platelets.

Background: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (αIIb/β) is involved in platelet adhesion, and triggers a series of intracellular signaling cascades, leading to platelet shape change, granule secretion, and clot retraction. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ginsenoside Ro (G-Ro) on the binding of fibrinogen to αIIb/β.

Methods: We investigated the effect of G-Ro on regulation of signaling molecules affecting the binding of fibrinogen to αIIb/β, and its final reaction, clot retraction.

Identification and Characterization of Trichoderma Species Damaging Shiitake Mushroom Bed-Logs Infested by Camptomyia Pest.

The shiitake mushroom industry has suffered from Camptomyia (gall midges) pest, which feeds on the mycelium of shiitake mushroom during its cultivation. It has been postulated that fungal damage of shiitake bed-logs is associated with infestation by the insect pest, but this is not well understood. To understand the fungal damage associated with Camptomyia pest, various Trichoderma species were isolated, identified, and characterized.

Inhibitory effects of total saponin from Korean Red Ginseng on [Ca(2+)]i mobilization through phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type I in human platelets.

Background: Intracellular Ca(2+)([Ca(2+)]i) is a platelet aggregation-inducing molecule. Therefore, understanding the inhibitory mechanism of [Ca(2+)]i mobilization is very important to evaluate the antiplatelet effect of a substance. This study was carried out to understand the Ca(2+)-antagonistic effect of total saponin from Korean Red Ginseng (KRG-TS).

Total saponin from Korean Red Ginseng inhibits binding of adhesive proteins to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa via phosphorylation of VASP (Ser(157)) and dephosphorylation of PI3K and Akt.

Background: Binding of adhesive proteins (i.e., fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin) to platelet integrin glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (αIIb/β3) by various agonists (thrombin, collagen, adenosine diphosphate) involve in strength of thrombus.

First Report of Leaf Rust Caused by Puccinia caricis in Farfugium japonicum in Korea.

Farfugium japonicum is used in traditional medicine and as an edible herb in China and Korea. In July 2013, leaf spots were observed in F. japonicum seedlings at Ulleung Island, Gyeongsangbuk Province, Korea.