Mechanistic Evidence for Hg Removal from Wastewater by Biologically Produced Sulfur.

A significant quantity of biologically produced sulfur (BPS) is generated as a by-product of chemical and biological desulfurization processes applied to landfill gas treatment. The beneficial upcycling of BPS has seen limited use in the environmental context. The effectiveness and underlying mechanism of BPS as an adsorbent for removing Hg from both solution and wastewater were elucidated based on experiments encompassing surface characterization, adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics.

Alginate-encapsulated biochar as an effective soil ameliorant for reducing Pb phytoavailability to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).

The alginate-biochar formulation for metal removal from aquatic environments has been widely tried but its use for lowering phytoavailability of metals in the soil-crop continuum is limited. Biochar has been increasingly used as a soil amendment due to its potential for soil carbon sequestration and sorption capacity. Handling of powdery biochar as a soil top-dressing material is, however, cumbersome and vulnerable to loss by water and wind.

Comparison and analysis of soil microbial communities in organic and conventional paddy fields by farming season.

Interest in soil health and biodiversity conservation has become increasingly important. Consequently, studies comparing the chemical and biological characteristics of organic and traditional paddy soils have been increasing. Soil microorganisms are essential in nutrient cycling; however, their diversity is challenging to ascertain because of their environmental sensitivity and complex interactions.

A Simplified Method for Anionic Surfactant Analysis in Water Using a New Solvent.

Anionic surfactants (AS) are becoming a major emerging contaminant of waters due to their widespread use in household and industrial products. The standard chloroform method for analysis of AS in water relies on chloroform extraction of a methylene blue active substance (MBAS), which contains ion pairs between methylene blue (MB) molecules (positively charged) and AS. Due to the poor extractability of chloroform, the procedure is complicated, time-consuming, and subject to anionic interferences.

Analysis of Major Bacteria and Diversity of Surface Soil to Discover Biomarkers Related to Soil Health.

The discovery of biomarkers for assessing soil health requires the exploration of organisms that can explain the core functions of soil and identification of species with major roles in these functions. However, identifying specific keystone markers within the soil microbiota is challenging. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based molecular-biological methods have revealed information on soil biodiversity; however, whether this biodiversity is related to soil health remains unclear.

Screening of a Novel Solvent for Optimum Extraction of Anionic Surfactants in Water.

Anionic surfactants (AS) are detrimental aquatic pollutants due to their well-characterized toxicity to aquatic organisms. The concentration of AS in aquatic environments is increasing because of their extensive use in many industries and households. The standard reference method for AS analysis is to determine a methylene blue active substance (MBAS) complex formed between AS and the methylene blue (MB) cation by using chloroform.

Metagenomic Analysis for Evaluating Change in Bacterial Diversity in TPH-Contaminated Soil after Soil Remediation.

Soil washing and landfarming processes are widely used to remediate total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-contaminated soil, but the impact of these processes on soil bacteria is not well understood. Four different states of soil (uncontaminated soil (control), TPH-contaminated soil (CS), after soil washing (SW), and landfarming (LF)) were collected from a soil remediation facility to investigate the impact of TPH and soil remediation processes on soil bacterial populations by metagenomic analysis. Results showed that TPH contamination reduced the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number and alpha diversity of soil bacteria.

A direct contact bioassay using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) for toxicity assessment of contaminated field soils.

In this study, 11 low/uncontaminated (including Lufa 2.2) and 9 contaminated field soils with varying geophysical and physicochemical characteristics were evaluated for toxicities based on oxygen consumption of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). Oxygen consumption of the low/uncontaminated soils ranged between 7.

Biologically produced sulfur as a novel adsorbent to remove Cd from aqueous solutions.

Biological desulfurization processes of landfill gas yield an enormous amount of biologically produced S (BPS) as a byproduct. Capability of BPS to remove Cd from aqueous solutions was tested and its removal efficiency was compared to that of granular activated carbon (GAC). Kinetics of Cd removal by BPS was a two-stage process with an initial rapid adsorption showing 45% of initial Cd was removed within 5 min, followed by a slower adsorption.

Bottom Ash Modification via Sintering Process for Its Use as a Potential Heavy Metal Adsorbent: Sorption Kinetics and Mechanism.

Heavy metal pollution in the environment is a critical issue, engendering ecosystem deterioration and adverse effects on human health. The main objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metal adsorbents by modifying industrial byproducts. The bottom ash was sintered and evaluated for Cd and Pb sorption.

Soil erosion modelling: A bibliometric analysis.

Soil erosion can present a major threat to agriculture due to loss of soil, nutrients, and organic carbon. Therefore, soil erosion modelling is one of the steps used to plan suitable soil protection measures and detect erosion hotspots. A bibliometric analysis of this topic can reveal research patterns and soil erosion modelling characteristics that can help identify steps needed to enhance the research conducted in this field.

Phytoavailability-based threshold values for cadmium in soil for safer crop production.

The phytoavailability of heavy metals in soils is important for both food safety and environmental management. Hence soil metal phytoavailability threshold values need to be established based on a firm scientific basis. In this study, optimal Cd phytoavailability threshold values, were determined for bean, rice and sesame cultivated in 100 soils varying widely in soil chemical characteristics by comparing the soil Cd phytoavailability obtained using three commonly used extraction procedures.

A DOC coagulant, gypsum treatment can simultaneously reduce As, Cd and Pb uptake by medicinal plants grown in contaminated soil.

The efficiency of gypsum, as a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) coagulator, for the simultaneous immobilization of two heavy metals (Cd and Pb) and one metalloid (As) in agricultural soils near an abandoned mining site was examined. The agricultural soil was defined as long-term contaminated as As (1540mgkg), Cd (55mgkg) and Pb (1283mgkg) concentrations exceeded the Korean guideline values for As (25mgkg), Cd (4mgkg), and Pb (200mgkg). Gypsum was incorporated into the contaminated soil at 3% (w/w).

Influence of Road Proximity on the Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Korean Urban Agricultural Soils and Crops.

The urban agricultural (UA) environment near active roadways can be degraded by traffic-related particles (i.e., exhaust gases and road dust), which may contain heavy metals.

An integrated approach to safer plant production on metal contaminated soils using species selection and chemical immobilization.

In order to examine the species specific accumulation of heavy metals in medicinal crops, seven different common medicinal plants were cultivated on a Cd (55mgkg(-1)) and Pb (1283mgkg(-1)) contaminated soil. Subsequently, the effect of various immobilizing agents, applied in isolation and in combination, on Cd and Pb uptake by two medicinal plant species was examined. Cadmium and Pb root concentrations in medicinal plants grown in the control soil varied between 0.

Effect of biochar on reclaimed tidal land soil properties and maize (Zea mays L.) response.

Reclaimed tidal land soil (RTLS) often contains high levels of soluble salts and exchangeable Na that can adversely affect plant growth. The current study examined the effect of biochar on the physicochemical properties of RTLS and subsequently the influence on plant growth performance. Rice hull derived biochar (BC) was applied to RTLS at three different rates (1%, 2%, and 5% (w/w)) and maize (Zea mays L.