Expression of Immunohistochemical Markers before and after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Carcinoma, and Their Use as Predictors of Response.

Purpose: For patients with breast carcinoma, immunohistochemical markers are important factors in determining the breast cancer subtype and for establishing a therapeutic plan, including the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). However, it is not clear whether the expression of certain markers changes after NACT.

Methods: We assessed estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Ki-67, p53, and Bcl-2 expression in specimens from 345 breast cancer cases before and after NACT.

Colonic adenocarcinoma arising from gastric heterotopia: a case study.

Heterotopic gastric mucosa occurs in all areas of the gastrointestinal tract including the nasopharynx, tongue, esophagus, small intestine, colon, and rectum. Gastric heterotopia of the large bowel is infrequent, and most cases have been reported in the rectum. Review of the literature has revealed only eight cases involving the colon proximal to the rectum.