Arterial supply of the human soft palate.

Purpose: Palatal surgery for snoring or obstructive sleep apnea is commonly performed; however, the vascular anatomy of the soft palate is not well described. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vascular anatomy of the soft palate.

Methods: This study was performed on 22 adult cadaveric heads.

[Hong Seok-hoo's translation of "New Edition of Physiology Textbook"(1906) and its meanings].

Hong Seok-hoo, who took charge of Jejungwon, was successful in translating Jiro Tsuboi's book titled "New Edition of Physiology Textbook (1897)" in Japanese and publishing it with a title of "New Edition of Physiology Textbook" in 1906. Jiro Tsuboi, the original author of that book, was a doctor having majored in Hygienics in Germany and was also known to have done pioneering work in Hygienics and Occupational and Environmental Medicine in Japan. At that time, he wrote that book for the purpose of teaching his students at Ordinary Middle School and Normal School.

Timetable for upper eyelid development in staged human embryos and fetuses.

In this study, we examined the development of the upper eyelids to provide a basic understanding of gross anatomical structures and information relative to mechanisms of congenital anomalies in the upper eyelids. We studied the upper eyelids by external and histological observation in 48 human embryos and in fetuses from 5 to 36 weeks postfertilization. The upper eyelid fold began to develop at Stage 18.

Hoxc8 represses BMP-induced expression of Smad6.

Proper regulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is critical for correct patterning and morphogenesis of various tissues and organs. A well known feedback mechanism is a BMP-mediated induction of Smad6, an inhibitor of BMP signaling. Hoxc8, one of the Hox family transcription factors, has also been shown to negatively regulate BMP-mediated gene expression.

[Life and medical activities of Yun Ti Wang].

Yun Ti Wang studied medicine in England, different from other Korean medical doctors in early days. Yun, who entered medical school at Glasgow University in England in March 1919, graduated with a Bachelor of Medicine in October 1925, along with an England medical license. Yun began working as an instructor at Severance Medical College from November 1927, and received Doctor of Medicine from the College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists at Kyoto Imperial University in August 1936.

The third helix of the Hoxc8 homeodomain peptide enhances the efficiency of gene transfer in combination with lipofectamine.

Protein transduction domains (PTDs) have been shown to cross the biological cell membranes efficiently through a receptor and energy independent mechanism. Because of its ease in membrane transducing ability, PTDs could be used as a gene delivery vector. Since we already have shown that purified Hoxc8 homeoprotein has the ability to cross the cellular membrane, we analyzed the possibility of the third helix of the Hoxc8 homeodomain as a useful gene delivery vector.

The third helix of the murine Hoxc8 homeodomain facilitates protein transduction in mammalian cells.

Previously, we have demonstrated that purified Hoxc8 homeoprotein has the ability to penetrate the cellular membrane and can be transduced efficiently into COS-7 cells. Moreover, the Hoxc8 protein is able to form a complex with DNA molecules in vitro and helps the DNA be delivered intracellularly, serving as a gene delivery vehicle. Here, we further analyzed the membrane transduction activity of Hoxc8 protein and provide the evidence that the 16 amino acid (a.

Membrane transducing activity of recombinant Hoxc8 protein and its possible application as a gene delivery vector.

In order to examine whether the Hoxc8 protein can deliver nucleic acid into mammalian cells, we designed several Hoxc8-derived recombinant proteins to be synthesized as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused forms in E. coli (GST-Hoxc8(1-242), containing a full length of Hoxc8; GST-Hoxc8(152-242), possessing a deletion of the acidic N-terminus of Hoxc8; GST-Hoxc8(149-208), which contained the homeodomain only). After labeling these proteins with Oregon 488, we examined their membrane transduction ability under the fluorescence microscope and verified that all three proteins showed similar transduction efficiency.

[Suh Yang Park, who became a doctor as a son of a butcher].

Dr. Suh Yang Park was born in 1885 as a son of a butcher, which was the lowest class at that time in Korea. However, contact with western missionaries, including Dr.

Efficient cellular uptake of recombinant murine Hoxc8 homeoprotein in COS-7 cells.

In order to analyze the self-delivery activity of Hoxc8, recombinant Hoxc8 protein (rHoxc8) was designed to be expressed and purified in E. coli as a glutathione S-transferase and green fluorescent protein-fused form (GST-GFP-Hoxc8). After purification using glutathione sepharose beads, the 82 kDa fusion protein was separated on the SDS-PAGE gel and confirmed by detecting the fluorescence through luminescent image analyzer.

Membraneous localization of Jpk is not essential to exert cytotoxicity in F9 teratocarcinoma cells.

A novel gene, Jopock (Jpk), which was isolated as a trans-acting factor associating with the PSRE of murine Hoxa-7, has been shown to be toxic to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells when overexpressed. Here we demonstrate that the overexpression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged Jpk in F9 cells results in the induction of apoptosis, as indicated by phosphatidylserine exposure, DNA fragmentation, and the alteration of mitochondria transmembrane potential. Fluorescence microscopy showed that EGFP-fused Jpk was mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and a small amount was found in the mitochondria.

Dynamic expression pattern of Hoxc8 during mouse early embryogenesis.

The Hoxc8 expression pattern was examined in mouse embryos 7.5-12.5 days postcoitum (dpc) using whole-mount in situ hybridization and RT-PCR.

Early development of the nose in human embryos: a stereomicroscopic and histologic analysis.

Objectives/hypothesis: To analyze the morphologic features of the nose in the human embryo from the 4th to 8th developmental week according to Carnegie stage.

Study Design: Stereomicroscopic and histologic analysis of the morphology of the human embryo.

Methods: A total of 27 cases of embryos, ranging from Carnegie stage 13 to 23, were analyzed.

Cloning of TLR3 isoform.

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 is a member of the TLR family that confers innate immunity by recognizing viral pathogens. Herein, we report that the TLR3 isoform is expressed on human primary cells and cell lines. This isoform has 2,520 bp cDNAs compared to the 2,712 bp of full cDNA, is produced by deletion of an intron-like sequence within exon 4 and is co-expressed with wild type TLR3 in primary human astrocytes and glioblastoma cell lines.

Timetable for intestinal rotation in staged human embryos and fetuses.

Background: The existing data on intestinal rotation during human development are contradictory regarding the timing of major events, and as such an exact timetable for rotation of the intestine in humans is not yet available.

Methods: We studied the initial formation and rotation of the intestine by microdissection and histological observations in 72 human embryos and fetuses at two to 12 weeks postfertilization. The embryos were classified according to the Carnegie staging system.

Establishment of stable melanoma cell line expressing a novel gene, jpk, using a tetracycline-controlled gene expression system.

Jpk, originally isolated as an associating factor with the position-specific regulatory element of Hoxa-7, was found to be toxic to Escherichia coli (1) and to F9 teratocarcinoma cells (2) when transiently transfected and expressed. To investigate the possibility of tumor gene therapy using Jpk, its effect was tested in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Because Jpk reduces the viability of B16F10 cells when transiently expressed, the Jpk gene was cloned into a tetracycline-controlled gene expression vector, pRetro-On to circumvent the lethal effect in unwanted situations.

[A history of medical license in Korea].

Medical license is to qualify a person for medical practice and to attribute him/her a privileged right in the practice. This privileged and exclusive right asks for protection from the side of a state and the state in turn needs qualified medical personnel in order to carry out her task of public health, one of the main duties of modern states. In Europe, physicians succeeded in obtaining medical license that guarantees the privileged right in a highly competitive medical market against other practitioners.

A novel factor associating with the upstream regulatory element of murine Hoxa-7 induces bacterial cell death.

In order to understand the function of a cDNA (c171) associated with the upstream regulatory region of the Hoxa-7, the cDNA was cloned into the pGEX-4T-1 vector to produce it as a GST fusion protein. The size of the fusion protein was determined to be 48-kilodalton (kDa). Sequence analysis revealed that a protein C171 contained one hydrophobic transmembrane domain in the N-terminal region and several putative phosphorylation and glycosylation sites.

Endotoxin-neutralizing antimicrobial proteins of the human placenta.

Microbial colonization and infection of placental tissues often lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The fetal membranes of the placenta, a physical and active barrier to microbial invasion, encapsulate the fetus and secure its intrauterine environment. To examine the innate defense system of the human placenta, antimicrobial peptides were isolated from the fetal membranes of human placenta and characterized biochemically.