Differences in mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa morphology in relation to vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns: A cone-beam computed tomography study.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the following null hypothesis: there are no differences in the morphology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structures in relation to vertical and sagittal cephalometric patterns.

Methods: This retrospective study was performed with 131 participants showing no TMJ symptoms. The participants were divided into Class I, II, and III groups on the basis of their sagittal cephalometric relationships and into hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent groups on the basis of their vertical cephalometric relationships.

Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion: A review of recent reports.

The miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE) has extended not only skeletal effects with fewer dental changes and but also the age limit of nonsurgical maxillary expansion treatment. Amid its gaining popularity in clinical orthodontics, our current understanding of treatment effectiveness, efficiency, and stability needs to be reassessed. In this review article, the authors have attempted to evaluate MARPE from various aspects with a focus on recent studies.

Positional changes in the mandibular proximal segment after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy: Surgery-first approach versus conventional approach.

Objective: To compare postoperative positional changes in the mandibular proximal segment between the conventional orthognathic surgery (CS) and the surgery-first approach (SF) using intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) in patients with Class III malocclusion.

Methods: Thirty-eight patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent bimaxillary surgery were divided into two groups according to the use of preoperative orthodontic treatment: CS group (n = 18) and SF group (n = 20). Skeletal changes in both groups were measured using computed tomography before (T0), 2 days after (T1), and 1 year after (T2) the surgery.

Stability of bimaxillary surgery involving intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy with or without presurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion in adult patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of bimaxillary surgery involving bilateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy performed with or without presurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) in adult patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion.

Methods: A total of 40 adult patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion were retrospectively divided into two groups (n = 20 each) according to the use of MARPE for the correction of transverse maxillomandibular discrepancy during presurgical orthodontic treatment. Serial lateral cephalograms and dental casts were analyzed until 6 months after surgery.

Comprehensive orthodontic treatment of a young girl with an odontogenic keratocyst and impacted teeth in the mandible.

Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are one of the most aggressive cysts in the oral and maxillofacial area because of their high recurrence rate and infiltrative behavior. In growing patients with OKCs, a radical treatment approach might cause numerous complications, including the disturbance of jaw growth and loss of the involved tooth. This case report describes successful comprehensive orthodontic treatment combined with marsupialization of the cyst in a young girl who exhibited an OKC with impacted teeth.

Diagnosis and Surgical Outcomes of Facial Asymmetry According to the Occlusal Cant and Menton Deviation.

Purpose: Morphologic differences and surgical outcomes were compared between the ipsilateral type of facial asymmetry, in which the menton deviates to the side of the upward frontal occlusal plane (FOP) cant (FOP), and the contralateral type, in which the menton deviates to the side of the downward FOP cant (FOP), by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry who had undergone bimaxillary orthognathic surgery and serial CBCT before, 1 month after, and 1 year after surgery. CBCT images were reconstructed and analyzed for predictor (group and timing) and outcome (CBCT measurements over time) variables.

Three-dimensional computed tomography analysis of mandibular morphology in patients with facial asymmetry and mandibular retrognathism.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to analyze the morphologic features of skeletal units in the mandibles of patients with facial asymmetry and mandibular retrognathism using cone-beam computed tomography.

Methods: The subjects consisted of 50 adults with facial asymmetry and mandibular retrognathism, divided into the symmetry group (n = 25) and the asymmetry group (n = 25) according to the degree of menton deviation. Three-dimensional computed tomography scans were obtained with cone beam computed tomography.

Precision and trueness of dental models manufactured with different 3-dimensional printing techniques.

Introduction: In this study, we assessed the precision and trueness of dental models printed with 3-dimensional (3D) printers via different printing techniques.

Methods: Digital reference models were printed 5 times using stereolithography apparatus (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), fused filament fabrication (FFF), and the PolyJet technique. The 3D printed models were scanned and evaluated for tooth, arch, and occlusion measurements.

Effects of bodily retraction of mandibular incisors versus mandibular setback surgery on pharyngeal airway space: A comparative study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the changes induced in the pharyngeal airway space by orthodontic treatment with bodily retraction of the mandibular incisors and mandibular setback surgery without extraction.

Methods: This retrospective study included 63 adult patients (32 men and 31 women). Thirty-three patients who had been treated via four-bicuspid extraction and bodily retraction of the mandibular incisors (incisor retraction, IR group) were compared with 30 patients who had been treated via mandibular setback surgery (MS group) without extraction.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Midfacial Soft Tissue Changes After Maxillary Posterior Impaction and Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy for Mandibular Setback in Class III Patients.

This study investigated the correlation between the 3-dimensional changes in midfacial soft tissues, including the parasagittal area and maxilla-mandible complex, after Le Fort I maxillary posterior impaction and bilateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (B-IVRO), using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This retrospective study included 22 skeletal Class III patients (6 men and 16 women; mean age 21.6 years) who underwent orthognathic surgery.

Repeated injections of botulinum toxin into the masseter muscle induce bony changes in human adults: A longitudinal study.

Objective: To evaluate soft- and hard-tissue changes in the mandibular angle area after the administration of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection to patients with masseteric hypertrophy by using three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (3D-CBCT).

Methods: Twenty volunteers were randomly divided into two groups of 10 patients. Patients in group I received a single BoNT-A injection in both masseter muscles, while those in group II received two BoNT-A injections in each masseter muscle, with the second injection being administered 4 months after the first one.

Transport distraction osteogenesis combined with orthodontic treatment in a patient with unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis.

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis manifests a range of clinical characteristics dependent upon the age of onset, the affected side, and the severity. When it occurs during development, mandibular growth is affected, resulting in severe retrusion or asymmetry as well as limitation of mandibular movements. Progressive asymmetric mandibular growth in unilateral ankylosis causes canting of the occlusal plane.

Is There a Difference in Stability After Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy Between Vertically High-Angle and Normal-Angle Patients?

Purpose: Few studies have evaluated the relapse pattern of intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) for the correction of mandibular prognathism with a high angle. The aim of this study was to measure the association between vertical facial types (high and normal mandibular plane angle) and relapse after IVRO for the management of mandibular prognathism.

Materials And Methods: The retrospective cohort study sample (skeletal Class III patients) was divided into 2 groups according to the angle of the sella-nasion plane relative to the mandibular plane (SN-MP) at the initial examination.

Changes in the craniofacial complex and alveolar bone height of young adults: Applications to dental medicine.

The few studies on craniofacial complex changes in adults have reported contradictory findings. The aim of this study was to radiographically evaluate changes in the craniofacial complex and alveolar bone height of young adults over a 4-year period. This prospective study included 82 young adults (62 men; mean age, 19.

Evaluation of stability after pre-orthodontic orthognathic surgery using cone-beam computed tomography: A comparison with conventional treatment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dental changes after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) with and without presurgical orthodontics by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 24 patients (mean age, 22.1 years) with skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent bimaxillary surgery with IVRO.

Five-year investigation of a large orthodontic patient population at a dental hospital in South Korea.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of orthodontic patients at Yonsei Dental Hospital from 2008 to 2012.

Methods: We evaluated Angle's classification from molar relationships, classification of skeletal malocclusion from the A point-nasion-B point angle, facial asymmetry, and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) from the records of 7,476 patients who received an orthodontic diagnosis. The orthognathic surgery rate, extraction rate, and extraction sites were determined from the records of 4,861 treated patients.

Mandibular molar protraction as an alternative treatment for edentulous spaces: Focus on changes in root length and alveolar bone height.

Background: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate external apical root resorption (EARR) and alveolar bone loss (ABL) after protraction of the mandibular molars by using miniscrews.

Methods: The authors protracted 51 mandibular molars in 37 adults into an edentulous area by using sliding mechanics with a lever arm or a miniscrew-supported root spring. The authors measured root length and alveolar bone height on panoramic radiographs and corrected according to the crown length registration method.

Stability of Pre-Orthodontic Orthognathic Surgery Using Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy Versus Conventional Treatment.

Purpose: Postoperative skeletal and dental changes were evaluated in patients with mandibular prognathism who underwent mandibular setback surgery using an intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) with and without presurgical orthodontic treatment.

Material And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients with skeletal Class III malocclusions who underwent IVRO. Patients treated with pre-orthodontic orthognathic surgery (POGS) were compared with patients treated with conventional surgery (CS) with presurgical orthodontics (control) using lateral cephalograms (taken preoperatively, 7 days postoperatively, and 12 months postoperatively).

Effect of a second injection of botulinum toxin on lower facial contouring, as evaluated using 3-dimensional laser scanning.

Background: Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is widely used to improve the lower facial contour.

Objective: To determine the difference in the changes in the lower facial contour achieved with 1 and 2 sessions of BoNT-A injections using 3-dimensional (3D) laser scanning.

Materials And Methods: Twenty volunteers were randomly divided into 2 groups.

Three-dimensional effect of pitch, roll, and yaw rotations on maxillomandibular complex movement.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 3-dimensional (3D) effect of pitch, roll, and yaw rotations on maxillomandibular complex (MMC) movements in skeletal Class III surgical patients using 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data and mathematical calculations.

Materials And Methods: Preoperative CBCT data of 152 skeletal Class III surgical patients was obtained. The subjects were divided into four groups: group 1, non-extraction with a normal/short face; group 2, non-extraction with a long face; group 3, extraction with a normal/short face; and group 4, extraction with a long face.

Mandibular posterior anatomic limit for molar distalization.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mandibular posterior anatomic limit for molar distalization.

Methods: Three-dimensional computed tomography scans were obtained on 34 adults with a skeletal Class I normodivergent facial profile and a normal occlusion. Posterior available space was measured at the crown and root levels along the posterior occlusal line connecting the buccal cusps of the first and second molars on the axial slices.

Morphological and molecular changes associated with Pitchfork during mouse palate development.

Mammalian palate development is regulated by complex processes. Many cellular and molecular events, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration and the epithelial mesenchymal transition, regulate proper palate development and some abnormalities in palate development lead to cleft palate. Various developmental disorders, such as cleft palate and disorders of the lung, kidney and heart, are known to be associated with ciliary defects.

Correlation analysis of three-dimensional changes of hard and soft tissues in class III orthognathic surgery patients using cone-beam computed tomography.

Background: This study was to investigate the correlation between changes of the soft and hard tissues three-dimensionally in class III orthognathic patients using cone-beam computed tomography.

Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography images were obtained within 2 weeks before surgery and at 6 months after surgery in 18 adult class III patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. Subjects were divided into group 1 with no mandibular asymmetry (menton deviation, <2 mm; n = 9) and group 2 with mandibular asymmetry (menton deviation, >4 mm; n = 9).