A Phase-III Noninferiority, Randomized Controlled Trial of Letibotulinum Toxin A for the Improvement of Moderate-to-Severe Glabellar Wrinkles in China.

Background: Letibotulinum toxin A has an established efficacy and safety profile for aesthetic treatment of glabellar wrinkles. This study was conducted to demonstrate the noninferiority of letibotulinum toxin A versus onabotulinum toxin A in improving the appearance of moderate-to-severe glabellar wrinkles in Chinese patients.

Methods: This phase-III multicenter, randomized, parallel positive control, double-blinded study compared the efficacy and safety of letibotulinum toxin A and onabotulinum toxin A.

Dynamic Evaluation of Skin Displacement by the Frontalis Muscle Contraction Using Three-Dimensional Skin Displacement Vector Analysis.

Purpose: Understanding the muscle actions and resultant skin movement can enable more safe and effective botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of forehead wrinkles. We aimed to investigate skin displacement patterns of the forehead and adjacent skin due to frontalis muscle contraction using three-dimensional skin vector displacement analysis.

Materials And Methods: Thirty healthy individuals were enrolled.

Deformation characteristics of hydrogel products based on cross-linked hyaluronic acid.

Background: The cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are the viscoelastic hydrogel with a dominant elasticity rather than a viscosity as a useful medical device in the soft tissue augmentation. These HA fillers undergo deformation to begin the biodegradation by the biochemical and physical environment of the body, and result of deformations are closely related to clinical performance.

Aims: The specific equation of molding index is newly generated and proved with Collin's equation, which is used for strong elastomers, for selecting optimal product in facial treatment.

Use of LetibotulinumtoxinA for Aesthetic Treatment of Asians: A Consensus.

Treatment of wrinkles and dynamic lines with botulinum toxin has been a routine practice for years in aesthetic clinical settings. The effective treatment of wrinkles requires a comprehensive understanding of facial expression muscles and their interactions, the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin, and individual patient preferences. The dose adjustment practice and injection technique of physicians are affected by cultural differences; most Asian patients prefer natural-looking results.

Pre-injection ultrasound scanning for treating temporal hollowing.

Background: Hyaluronic acid filler injection is commonly administered to correct temple hollowness, typically through deep temporal injection. Since the vascular distribution at the injection site can be diverse, studies on avoiding damage to the corresponding blood vessels are needed.

Aims: To assess the commonly used hyaluronic acid filler injection site in the temple region, 1cm lateral and 1 cm above from the end of eyebrow, using a Doppler ultrasound to detect any anatomic variations in the blood vessels.

Dynamic evaluation of facial muscles: 3D skin displacement vector analysis using a facial painting model.

Background: Botulinum toxin A can be used to eliminate dynamic wrinkles by relaxing the muscles involved in facial expressions. Therefore, it is essential to know the location, origin, insertion, function, and changes of the facial expression muscles according to their contraction.

Methods: After drawing the muscles on the face of a model, pictures were taken at rest.

Aspiration Revisited: Prospective Evaluation of a Physiologically Pressurized Model With Animal Correlation and Broader Applicability to Filler Complications.

Background: Aspiration testing before filler injection is controversial. Some believe that aspiration can help prevent inadvertent intravascular injection, whereas others cite false-negative results and question its value given that the needle position always changes somewhat during injection procedures.

Objectives: The authors sought to test the relation of false-negative results to the viscosity of the material within the needle lumen and determine whether a less viscous material within the needle lumen could decrease the incidence of false-negative results.

Proposed Treatment Protocols for Facial Rejuvenation Using a Novel Absorbable Polydioxanone Monofilament Threadlift in Koreans: Empirical Perspectives of Aesthetic Physicians and Surgeons.

Background: Aesthetic physicians and surgeons should consider differences in anthropometric and anatomical characteristics between Asians and Caucasians in performing facial rejuvenation procedures using absorbable threadlifts in Koreans.

Objectives: This paper was prepared to propose empirical treatment protocols for Korean aesthetic physicians and surgeons.

Methods: A panel of 5 Korean experts on the aesthetic uses of an absorbable polydioxanone (PDO) monofilament threadlift (Mint Lift; HansBiomed Co.

Expert Consensus on Hyaluronic Acid Filler Facial Injection for Chinese Patients.

Background: Beauty standards vary by race and region, which must be accounted for in creating beauty. Chinese have unique features, including a depressed nose, flat midface, and small chin, and have different cosmetic concerns. We performed a consensus study on filler injections based on the Chinese standard of beauty due to a lack of such study.

Doppler Ultrasonographic Anatomy of the Midline Nasal Dorsum.

Background: This study was performed to identify a safe method for filler injection to prevent blood vessel damage, by means of checking the location and depth of the blood vessels on the midline of the nose using Doppler ultrasonographic imaging.

Methods: Ultrasonographic images of the nasal areas of patients for filler injection rhinoplasty were reviewed. The location and depth of the dorsal nasal arteries and the intercanthal vein in each part on the midline of the nose were checked.

Safe Glabellar Wrinkle Correction With Soft Tissue Filler Using Doppler Ultrasound.

Background: Glabellar wrinkle corrections are usually performed by injecting botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid fillers. The glabella is one of the most dangerous locations for filler injection because of possible visual complications.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to use Doppler ultrasound to determine the anatomic relation between glabellar wrinkles and the supratrochlear artery pathway, perform safe hyaluronic acid filler injection to correct glabellar wrinkles, and determine the efficacy of the procedure.

A Safe Doppler Ultrasound-Guided Method for Nasolabial Fold Correction With Hyaluronic Acid Filler.

Background: Injection of hyaluronic acid filler, a common procedure for nasolabial fold correction, poses a risk of vascular compromise, which can result in skin necrosis and blindness.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the facial arterial pathway in real time by Doppler ultrasound to avoid arterial complications during filler injections.

Methods: The facial artery pathway of 40 patients (80 nasolabial folds; 2 men and 38 women; mean age, 46.

Short-term Treatment Outcomes of Facial Rejuvenation Using the Mint Lift Fine.

Background: Threadlifts are classified as absorbable or nonabsorbable, natural or synthetic, and multifilament or monofilament ones, each of which has its own merits and demerits. We placed a novel absorbable polydioxanone monofilament threadlift (Mint Lift Fine; HansBiomed Co. Ltd.

Doppler ultrasound-guided thread lifting.

Background: Although there are various techniques of thread lifting, most of these techniques require anchoring of the threads at the temple area. However, the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery (FBrSTA) is located in the temple area and a detour pathway should be created for thread insertion to avoid vascular complications.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the relationship between the FBrSTA and the hairline using real-time Doppler ultrasound.

Soft Tissue Filler Properties Can Be Altered by a Small-Diameter Needle.

Background: Small-bore needles reduce the complications associated with soft tissue filler injection. Gel particles must be sized appropriately to pass through fine-bore needles with an acceptable extrusion force. However, most soft tissue filler particles are larger than the inner diameter of the needle.

Injection Rhinoplasty Using Filler.

Rhinoplasty is a commonly performed cosmetic surgery in Asia. Rhinoplasty using filler is preferred because has fewer side effects and shorter down time. The part of external nose between the skin and bone or cartilages consists of 4 layers.

Multi-polydioxanone (PDO) scaffold for forehead wrinkle correction: A pilot study.

Background: Forehead wrinkles are the result of contracture of the frontalis muscle and the skin aging process. Currently, hyaluronic acid filler and botulinum toxin are the main materials used for correction of these wrinkles. In addition, polydioxanone (PDO) thread has also been applied for this treatment.

Safe Planes for Injection Rhinoplasty: A Histological Analysis of Midline Longitudinal Sections of the Asian Nose.

Background: Dorsal nasal augmentation is an essential part of injection rhinoplasty on the Asian nose. Aesthetic physicians require detailed knowledge of the nasal anatomy to accurately and safely inject filler.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-five histological cross sections were examined from 45 longitudinal strips of soft tissue harvested from the midline of the nose, beginning from the glabella to the nasal tip.

Use of Fillers in Rhinoplasty.

Surgical rhinoplasty is the one of the most common cosmetic procedures in Asians. But there are limitations, such as down time, high cost, and a steep learning curve. Most complications are implant related.

Verification of Embolic Channel Causing Blindness Following Filler Injection.

Background: Ocular complications following cosmetic filler injections are serious situations. This study provided scientific evidence that filler in the facial and the superficial temporal arteries could enter into the orbits and the globes on both sides. We demonstrated the existence of an embolic channel connecting the arterial system of the face to the ophthalmic artery.

A cadaveric analysis of the ideal costal cartilage graft for Asian rhinoplasty.

Augmentation rhinoplasty of the Asian nose may be effectively accomplished with alloplastic materials. However, certain circumstances mandate the use of autologous grafts (e.g.