Amifostine and Melatonin Prevent Acute Salivary Gland Dysfunction 10 Days After Radiation Through Anti-Ferroptosis and Anti-Ferritinophagy Effects.

Irradiation of the head and neck inevitably leads to decreased salivary gland function. It is postulated that radiation generates excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces salivary gland function by ferroptosis, a new cell death mechanism; however, research in this area is currently lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of amifostine and melatonin on acute salivary gland dysfunction and ferroptosis.

Evaluation of YD MolecuTech Real HPV Assay in Comparison with Roche Cobas HPV Assay and BD Onclarity HPV Assay for Detection of HPV Infection.

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the papillomavirus family. High-risk (HR) genotypes of HPV are associated with cervical cancer. The combination of molecular HPV testing and cytology results in an increased detection of high-grade cervical lesions.

Tailored radiation dose according to margin width for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ after breast-conserving surgery.

A 2 mm resection margin is considered adequate for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We assessed the effectiveness of a tailored radiation dose for margins < 2 mm and the appropriate margin width for high-risk DCIS. We retrospectively evaluated 137 patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery for DCIS between 2013 and 2019.

Dosimetric comparison between RapidArc and HyperArc in hippocampal-sparing whole-brain radiotherapy with a simultaneous integrated boost.

The HyperArc technique is known for generating high-quality radiosurgical treatment plans for intracranial lesions or hippocampal-sparing whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). However, there is no reported feasibility of using the HyperArc technique in hippocampal-sparing WBRT with a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB). This study aimed to compare dosimetric parameters of 2 commercially-available volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy techniques, HyperArc and RapidArc, when using hippocampal-sparing WBRT with a SIB to treat brain metastases.

Effect of high-dose radiation therapy on positive margins after breast-conserving surgery for invasive breast cancer.

Purpose: Positive margins after breast-conserving surgery are associated with poor oncological outcomes and warrant additional surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of high-dose radiation therapy for positive margins by comparing local recurrence between patients with positive and negative margins.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 550 patients treated with adjuvant radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery for invasive breast cancer between 2013 and 2019.

Mutant pattern of p53 predicts local recurrence and poor survival rate in gastric cancer.

Background: TP53 mutation is a poor prognostic factor for various organ malignancies such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma and clinical pathologists previously evaluated it using immunohistochemistry for p53. The clinicopathologic significance of p53 expression in gastric cancer remains unclear due to inconsistent classification methods.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry for p53 protein was performed using tissue microarray blocks generated from 725 cases of gastric cancer, and p53 expression was divided into three staining patterns using a semi-quantitative ternary classifier: heterogeneous (wild type), overexpression, and absence (mutant pattern).

A High-Fat Diet in the Absence of Obesity Increases Lymphangiogenesis by Inducing VEGF-C in a Murine Lymphedema Model.

Background: Many researchers have attempted to induce lymphangiogenesis for the treatment of lymphedema. However, most previous studies had limited clinical usefulness. A high-fat diet (HFD) increases serum β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) levels, which can stimulate lymphangiogenesis.

Peripheral Microneedle Patch for First-Aid Hemostasis.

Despite the minimized puncture sizes and high efficiency, microneedle (MN) patches have not been used to inject hemostatic drugs into bleeding wounds because they easily destroy capillaries when a tissue is pierced. In this study, a shelf-stable dissolving MN patch is developed to prevent rebleeding during an emergency treatment. A minimally and site-selectively invasive hemostatic drug delivery system is established by using a peripheral MN (p-MN) patch that does not directly intrude the wound site but enables topical drug absorption in the damaged capillaries.

Colorectal cancers with a residual adenoma component: Clinicopathologic features and KRAS mutation.

Background/aim: Colorectal cancer is well known for its "adenoma-carcinoma" sequential carcinogenesis. Some colorectal cancers demonstrate a residual adenoma component during progression from adenoma to invasive carcinoma. However, the clinicopathological significance of residual adenoma component remains unclear.

High expression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase p11γ isoform can predict poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.

The protein p110γ is an isoform of the catalytic subunit of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). PI3Ks are involved in the regulation of cell survival, growth, proliferation, and migration and have been implicated in the oncogenesis of various cancers. In this study, p110γ expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its association with clinicopathological factors and patient survival were evaluated.

ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Immunolocalization and COVID-19-Related Thyroid Disorder.

Thyroid dysfunction has been reported to be an extrapulmonary symptom of COVID-19. It is important to identify the tissue subset that expresses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which are essential for host infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in order to understand the viral pathogenesis of COVID-19-related thyroid dysfunction. We investigated the expression and distribution of ACE2- and TMPRSS2-expressing cells in the thyroid gland.

Thyroid Hormone Ameliorates Lymphedema by Suppressing Adipogenesis in a Murine Lymphedema Model.

Exogenous supplementation of thyroid hormone could inhibit excessive fat deposition in lymphedema tissue by suppressing adipogenesis. Cell viability, adipogenic differentiation, and mRNA expression were measured in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with L-thyroxine. Twelve mice were divided into control and L-thyroxine groups.

Promotion of dermal tissue engineering in a rat model using a composite 3D-printed scaffold with electrospun nanofibers and recipient-site preconditioning with an external volume expansion device.

We hypothesized that use of a composite three-dimensionally (3D) printed scaffold with electrospun nanofibers in conjunction with recipient-site preconditioning with an external volume expansion (EVE) device would enable successful dermal tissue regeneration of a synthetic polymer scaffold. Cell viability, cell infiltration, extracellular matrix deposition, scaffold contraction, and mRNA expression by dermal fibroblasts cultured on three different scaffolds, namely, 3D-printed scaffold with a collagen coating, 3D-printed scaffold with an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber and collagen coating, and 3D-printed scaffold with an electrospun polycaprolactone/collagen nanofiber, were measured. Before scaffold implantation, rats were treated for 2 h with an EVE device to evaluate the effect of this device on the recipient site.

Patient-related risk factors for late rectal bleeding after hypofractionated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: a single-center retrospective study.

Background: Several studies have reported patient-related risk factors for late rectal bleeding following conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer. We investigated patient-related risk factors for late rectal bleeding after hypofractionated radiotherapy.

Methods: A total of 231 patients with local or locally advanced prostate cancer treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy (70 or 67.

ACE2 and TMPRSS2 immunolocalization and oral manifestations of COVID-19.

Objectives: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry into the host cells depends on the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). We investigated the distribution of ACE2- and TMPRSS2-expressing cells in various oral tissues to identify the underlying mechanism of oral manifestations in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.

Subjects: We analyzed the expression patterns of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the oral mucosa (tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa), trigeminal ganglion, vessels, and salivary glands of 9 Sprague-Dawley rats using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.

Clinical Outcomes of RTOG 9310 Protocol for Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Single-Center Experience with 87 Patients.

The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 9310 protocol clinical trial established high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) as the standard for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). We aimed to investigate the RTOG 9310 protocol's PCNSL outcomes by examining progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates and determining the influential factors. Between 2007 and 2020, 87 patients were histopathologically diagnosed with PCNSL and treated with the RTOG 9310 protocol.

Venous Invasion and Perineural Invasion as Upstaging and Poor Prognostic Factors in N0 Gastric Cancers.

Background/aim: Lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients. In node-negative (N0) gastric cancer patients, additional prognostic factors are needed to reinforce TNM staging.

Patients And Methods: We semi-quantitatively recorded the presence of lymphatic, venous, and perineural invasion and evaluated the possibility that they could be used as upstaging factors in N0 gastric cancer by comparing N0 gastric cancer cases with N1 cases.

Interfractional diaphragmatic position variation according to stomach volume change during respiratory-gated radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: We evaluated the correlation between stomach volume change and interfractional baseline shifts of the diaphragm in image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four patients with HCC underwent ten fractions of IGRT, and a total of 240 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and on-board imager (OBI) kV image sets were acquired. These image sets were retrospectively analyzed.

Non-Small Cell Carcinoma-Not Otherwise Specified on Cytology Specimens in Patients with Solitary Pulmonary Lesion: Primary Lung Cancer or Metastatic Cancer?

Context: Subtyping of solitary pulmonary lesion (SPL) in small amount of cytology specimen using a limited panel of immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers is very important to the correct choice of treatment. This study was performed to categorize non-small cell carcinoma-not otherwise specified (NSCC-NOS) on cytology in patients with SPL, especially with regard to the incidence of metastatic cancer.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed 91 cases, in which a precise morphology-based, lineage-specific IHC-aided subtyping was not possible, that qualified as NSCC-NOS on cytology.

Relationship between F-FDG uptake and heat shock protein 90α expression in colorectal cancer.

Objective: We investigated whether heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) expression is associated with fluorine-18-labeled fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-FDG) uptake and whether F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can be used to predict the status of HSP90α expression in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Subjects And Methods: The medical records and preoperative F-FDG PET/CT studies of 51 patients with newly diagnosed CRC who underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively reviewed. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumor was calculated from the level of F-FDG uptake.

Randomized controlled trial comparing a conventional needle and a novel needle for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided histology of peripancreatic masses.

Introduction: Cytological study of samples obtained by Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) allows for recognition of clear signs of malignant transformation. However, certain neoplasms can be difficult to diagnose without histological analysis. Recently, a novel EUS-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) needle was developed to increase tissue acquisition.

Prognostic significance of glucose-related protein 94 in colorectal cancer.

Aims: The expression of glucose-related protein 94 (GRP94), a member of the heat shock protein 90 family, was correlated with a variety of clinicopathological factors and patient survival in a large colorectal cancer (CRC) cohort. We aimed to elucidate the role of GRP94 in the prognosis of CRC patients.

Methods: Tissue microarray blocks were generated from 709 CRC samples and immunohistochemically stained for GRP94.

Immunohistochemical Features of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) in Various Types of Lymphoma: A Single Center Experience.

Indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes amino acid tryptophan to L-kynurenine. IDO is overexpressed in various cancers and several IDO inhibitors have been assessed in multiple clinical trials. If an IDO inhibitor is to be commercialized, IDO immunohistochemistry will be an important method.

Utility of Human Papillomavirus Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening in Korea.

(1) Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in Korean women. This study was performed to discover the utility of HPV (Human Papillomavirus) testing in screening of cervical lesions and to provide the prevalence of HPV and the genotype distribution in a single center of Korea. (2) Methods: A total of 15,141 women who underwent both HPV testing and cervical cytology were enrolled in this retrospective medical record review study.

Differential expression of HSP90 isoforms and their correlations with clinicopathologic factors in patients with colorectal cancer.

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a molecular chaperone, plays critical roles in cellular protection against various stressful stimuli and in the regulation of cellular growth and apoptosis. HSP90 has four human isoforms; HSP90α, HSP90β, glucose related protein 94 (GRP94), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1). We evaluated the differential expression of these HSP90 isoforms in colorectal cancer (CRC) and correlated their expression levels with clinicopathological factors and patient survival rates.