Illuminating L.: The Power of Light in Enhancing Growth and Secondary Metabolite Production.

Light is crucial for higher plants, driving photosynthesis and serving as a powerful sensory signal that profoundly modulates growth, development, physiological functions, hormone activation, and biochemical pathways. Various light parameters-quality, intensity, composition, and photoperiod-exert a tremendous influence on plant growth and development, particularly in industrial hemp ( L.).

Plant-Entomopathogenic Fungi Interaction: Recent Progress and Future Prospects on Endophytism-Mediated Growth Promotion and Biocontrol.

Entomopathogenic fungi, often acknowledged primarily for their insecticidal properties, fulfill diverse roles within ecosystems. These roles encompass endophytism, antagonism against plant diseases, promotion of the growth of plants, and inhabitation of the rhizosphere, occurring both naturally and upon artificial inoculation, as substantiated by a growing body of contemporary research. Numerous studies have highlighted the beneficial aspects of endophytic colonization.

From the Photosynthesis to Hormone Biosynthesis in Plants.

Land plants produce glucose (C6H12O6) through photosynthesis by utilizing carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and light energy. Glucose can be stored in various polysaccharide forms for later use (e.g.

Evaluation of new strain (AAD16) of Beauveria bassiana recovered from Japanese rhinoceros beetle: Effects on three coleopteran insects.

A strain (AAD16) of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin was isolated from field-collected Japanese rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Its virulence was compared with another strain (ARP14) recovered from a cadaver of Riptortus pedestris (F.

Isolation and Identification Antagonistic Bacterium YM002 against .

In this study, we aimed to screen antagonistic microorganisms against , the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch, which is known to induce sever diseases in cucurbit crops. From 240 bacterial strains isolated, only one unknown bacterial isolate, named YM002, showed significant antagonistic activity against . KACC17909.

Characterization of Three spp. Causing Wilt Disease of L. in Korea.

In July 2021, wilting symptoms were observed in adult and seedling hemp ( L. cv. Cherry Blossom) plants grown in a greenhouse.

Profiling Cannabinoid Contents and Expression Levels of Corresponding Biosynthetic Genes in Commercial ( L.) Cultivars.

( L.) is widely cultivated and studied for its psychoactive and medicinal properties. As the major cannabinoids are present in acidic forms in plants, non-enzymatic processes, such as decarboxylation, are crucial for their conversion to neutral active cannabinoid forms.

Biological Control Activity of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria AY001 against Tomato Fusarium Wilt and Bacterial Speck Diseases.

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is not only enhancing plant growth, but also inducing resistance against a broad range of pathogens, thus providing effective strategies to substitute chemical products. In this study, AY001 (AY001) is isolated based on its broad-spectrum antifungal activity. AY001 not only inhibited fungal pathogen growth in dual culture and culture filtrate assays, but also showed various PGPR traits, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, extracellular protease production, zinc solubilization and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis activities.

DNA-Based Method for Traceability and Authentication of and Honey (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Using the Gene.

Honey is a widely used natural product and the price of honey from (ACH) and (ADH) is several times more expensive than the one from (AMH), thus there are increasing fraud issues reported in the market by mislabeling or mixing honeys with different entomological origins. In this study, three species-specific primers, targeting the () region of honeybee mitochondrial DNA, were designed and tested to distinguish the entomological origin of ACH, ADH, and AMH. Molecular analysis showed that each primer set can specifically detect the region from the targeted honeybee DNA, but not from the others.

AtTIP2;2 facilitates resistance to zinc toxicity via promoting zinc immobilization in the root and limiting root-to-shoot zinc translocation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants. However, excess Zn is toxic to non-accumulating plants like Arabidopsis thaliana. To cope with Zn toxicity, non-accumulating plants need to keep excess Zn in the less sensitive root tissues and restrict its translocation to the vulnerable shoot tissues, a process referred to as Zn immobilization in the root.

Biocontrol Activity of Aspergillus terreus ANU-301 against Two Distinct Plant Diseases, Tomato Fusarium Wilt and Potato Soft Rot.

To screen antagonistic fungi against plant pathogens, dual culture assay (DCA) and culture filtrate assay (CFA) were performed with unknown soil-born fungi. Among the different fungi isolated and screened from the soil, fungal isolate ANU-301 successfully inhibited growth of different plant pathogenic fungi, Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium oxysporum, in DCA and CFA. Morphological characteristics and rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis identified ANU-301 as Aspergillus terreus.

Salicylic Acid, a Plant Hormone, Suppresses Phytophagous Insect Immune Response by Interrupting HMG-Like DSP1.

Salicylic acid is a plant hormone that can mediate various plant physiological processes. Salicylic acid can bind to human high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interrupt its role in mediating immune responses. Dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) is an insect homolog of HMGB1.

Regulation of Infection and Gene Expression in Cut Roses by Using Nano Silver and Salicylic Acid.

() is one of the necrotrophic pathogens resulting in the heaviest commercial losses in cut rose flowers, and the severity of gray mold disease partly depends on the presence of ethylene during the storage and transport. The effectiveness of nano silver (NS) and salicylic acid (SA) was assessed as a novel control agent in protecting the cut rose flowers against infection and ethylene damages. The efficacy of NS and SA was compared with an inoculated control (CON).

Chemical Fungicides and H30-3 against Fungal and Oomycete Pathogens Causing Soil-Borne Strawberry Diseases.

Chemical and biological agents were evaluated to inhibit , , and causing strawberry diseases. Mycelial growths of were gradually arrested by increasing concentrations of fungicides pyraclostrobin and iminoctadine tris (albesilate). and were more sensitive to pyraclostrobin compared to , but iminoctadine tris (albesilate) was not or less effective to limit or , respectively H30-3 was antagonistic against the three pathogens by diffusible as well as volatile molecules, and evidently reduced aerial mycelial formation of .

Natural Salicylates and Their Roles in Human Health.

Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone which plays a crucial role in the plant defense against various pathogens and abiotic stresses. Increasing reports suggest that this phenolic compound and its derivatives, collectively termed salicylates, not only regulate plant defense but also have beneficial effects on human health. Both natural and synthetic salicylates are known to have multiple targets in humans, thereby exhibiting various appreciating pharmacological roles, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidiabetic effects, and so on.

High CO - and pathogen-driven expression of the carbonic anhydrase βCA3 confers basal immunity in tomato.

Atmospheric CO concentrations exert a strong influence on the susceptibility of plants to pathogens. However, the mechanisms involved in the CO -dependent regulation of pathogen resistance are largely unknown. Here we show that the expression of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) β-CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 3 (βCA3) is induced by the virulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv.

Salicylic Acid as a Safe Plant Protector and Growth Regulator.

Since salicylic acid (SA) was discovered as an elicitor of tobacco plants inducing the resistance against (TMV) in 1979, increasing reports suggest that SA indeed is a key plant hormone regulating plant immunity. In addition, recent studies indicate that SA can regulate many different responses, such as tolerance to abiotic stress, plant growth and development, and soil microbiome. In this review, we focused on the recent findings on SA's effects on resistance to biotic stresses in different plant-pathogen systems, tolerance to different abiotic stresses in different plants, plant growth and development, and soil microbiome.

The Shaker Type Potassium Channel, GORK, Regulates Abscisic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis.

Evolution of adaptive mechanisms to abiotic stress is essential for plant growth and development. Plants adapt to stress conditions by activating the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. It has been suggested that the ABA receptor, clade A protein phosphatase, SnRK2 type kinase, and SLAC1 anion channel are important components of the ABA signaling pathway.

A genome-wide screen for human salicylic acid (SA)-binding proteins reveals targets through which SA may influence development of various diseases.

Salicylic acid (SA) is the major metabolite and active ingredient of aspirin; both compounds reduce pain, fever, and inflammation. Despite over a century of research, aspirin/SA's mechanism(s) of action is still only partially understood. Here we report the results of a genome-wide, high-throughput screen to identify potential SA-binding proteins (SABPs) in human HEK293 cells.

Systemic Acquired Resistance and Salicylic Acid: Past, Present, and Future.

This article is part of the Distinguished Review Article Series in Conceptual and Methodological Breakthroughs in Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. Salicylic acid (SA) is a critical plant hormone that regulates numerous aspects of plant growth and development as well as the activation of defenses against biotic and abiotic stress. Here, we present a historical overview of the progress that has been made to date in elucidating the role of SA in signaling plant immune responses.

Members of the abscisic acid co-receptor PP2C protein family mediate salicylic acid-abscisic acid crosstalk.

The interplay between abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) influences plant responses to various (a)biotic stresses; however, the underlying mechanism for this crosstalk is largely unknown. Here, we report that type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), some of which are negative regulators of ABA signaling, bind SA. SA binding suppressed the ABA-enhanced interaction between these PP2Cs and various ABA receptors belonging to the PYR/PYL/RCAR protein family.

Plant and Human MORC Proteins Have DNA-Modifying Activities Similar to Type II Topoisomerases, but Require One or More Additional Factors for Full Activity.

To elucidate one or more mechanisms through which microrchidia (MORC) proteins impact immunity, epigenetic gene silencing, and DNA modifications, the enzymatic activities of plant MORCs were characterized. Previously, we showed that plant MORC1s have ATPase and DNA endonuclease activities. Here, we demonstrate that plant MORCs have topoisomerase type II (topo II)-like activities, as they i) covalently bind DNA, ii) exhibit DNA-stimulated ATPase activity, iii) relax or nick supercoiled DNA, iv) catenate DNA, and v) decatenante kinetoplast DNA.

DAMPs, MAMPs, and NAMPs in plant innate immunity.

Background: Multicellular organisms have evolved systems/mechanisms to detect various forms of danger, including attack by microbial pathogens and a variety of pests, as well as tissue and cellular damage. Detection via cell-surface receptors activates an ancient and evolutionarily conserved innate immune system.

Result: Potentially harmful microorganisms are recognized by the presence of molecules or parts of molecules that have structures or chemical patterns unique to microbes and thus are perceived as non-self/foreign.

Pathogen Infection and MORC Proteins Affect Chromatin Accessibility of Transposable Elements and Expression of Their Proximal Genes in Arabidopsis.

To assess the role of MORC1 in epigenetics in relation to plant immunity, genome-wide chromatin accessibility was compared between mock- or Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato-inoculated wild type (WT) Arabidopsis, the morc1/2 double mutant, or both. Most changes in chromatin accessibility, scored by DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs), were located in the promoters of genes and transposable elements (TEs).