Decellularized Human Adipose Tissue as an Alternative Graft Material for Bone Regeneration.

Background: Tissue engineering approaches to treat damaged bone include various tissue transplants such as autologous, allogeneic, and xenografts. Artificial materials have been widely introduced to meet the demand for graft materials, but insufficiency in supply is still not resolved. In this study, human adipose tissue, easily obtained from the human body, was harvested, and the tissue was decellularized to fabricate a decellularized human adipose tissue matrix (DM) as an alternative graft material.

Semi-Rigid Fixation Using a Sliding Plate for Treating Fractures of the Mandibular Condylar Process.

Occlusal displacement often occurs after surgery for condylar process fractures because it is difficult to reduce these fractures precisely. However, performing semi-rigid fixation using a sliding plate may overcome this limitation. A retrospective clinical comparison between semi-rigid and rigid fixations was performed.

Microcomputed Tomography and Histological Study of Bone Regeneration Using Tooth Biomaterial with BMP-2 in Rabbit Calvarial Defects.

Our study was aimed to analyze the osteoinductive effect of powdered and block type autogenous bone graft along with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) as compared to synthetic bone graft. Three circular bicortical defects were made in the calvaria of each rabbit and randomly divided into three groups as follows: powdered tooth biomaterial+BMP-2, block tooth biomaterial+BMP-2, and control group: synthetic bone+BMP-2. The samples taken from these defects after 4 and 8 weeks were analyzed histologically along with micro CT analysis.

Histomorphometric Evaluation of Socket Preservation Using Autogenous Tooth Biomaterial and BM-MSC in Dogs.

This study is aimed at assessing the dimensional alterations occurring in the alveolar bone after premolar extraction in dogs with histomorphometric and histological analysis. After atraumatic premolar extraction, tooth-derived bone graft material was grafted in the extraction socket of the premolar region in the lower jaws of six dogs in two experimental groups. In the second experimental group, BM-MSCs were added together with the graft.

Micro-CT and Histomorphometric Study of Bone Regeneration Effect with Autogenous Tooth Biomaterial Enriched with Platelet-Rich Fibrin in an Animal Model.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of tooth biomaterials as bone graft biomaterials for bone healing in rabbits. We prepared tooth biomaterial and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to fill the round-shaped defect in the skull of New Zealand white rabbits. These cranial defects were treated with different conditions as follows: group 1, a mixture of tooth biomaterials and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF); group 2, only tooth biomaterials; group 3, only PRF; and group 4, the unfilled control group.

Biosilicated collagen/β-tricalcium phosphate composites as a BMP-2-delivering bone-graft substitute for accelerated craniofacial bone regeneration.

Background: Bioceramic β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is used as a bone-grafting material and a therapeutic drug carrier for treatment of bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial regions due to the osteoconductivity and biocompatibility. However, the low mechanical strength and limited osteoinductivity of β-TCP agglomerate restrict bone regenerating performance in clinical settings.

Methods: Herein, a biomimetic composite is proposed as a bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-delivering bone graft substitute to achieve a robust bone grafting and augmented bone regeneration.

Effect of Decompression on Jaw Cystic Lesions Based on Three-Dimensional Volumetric Analysis.

: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of decompression on jaw cysts according to various parameters by volumetric analysis using three-dimensional computed tomography. : Fifty patients who underwent surgical decompression of the jaw cystic lesion were selected, and their preoperative and postoperative computed tomography results between 3 and 27 months were collected. Volumetric analysis was performed to evaluate any differences in the rate of volumetric change according to the sex, age, initial volume of the lesion, duration, location of the lesion, tooth extraction, expansion of the cortical layer, and pathological diagnosis.

Combined Delivery of Two Different Bioactive Factors Incorporated in Hydroxyapatite Microcarrier for Bone Regeneration.

Background: The delivery of growth factors using a carrier system presents a promising and innovative tool in tissue engineering and dentistry today. Two of the foremost bioactive factors, bone morphogenetic protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), are widely applied using a ceramic scaffold. The aim of this study was to determine the use of hydroxyapatite microcarrier (MC) for dual delivery of osteogenic and angiogenic factors to accelerate hard tissue regeneration during the regenerative process.

The influence of bone graft procedures on primary stability and bone change of implants placed in fresh extraction sockets.

Background: This study was to evaluate the effect of bone graft procedure on the primary stability of implants installed in fresh sockets and assess the vertical alteration of peri-implant bone radiographically.

Methods: Twenty-three implants were inserted in 18 patients immediately after tooth extraction. The horizontal gap between the implant and bony walls of the extraction socket was grafted with xenografts.

Effect of BMP-2 Delivery Mode on Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells.

Differentiation of stem cells is an important strategy for regeneration of defective tissue in stem cell therapy. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a well-known osteogenic differentiation factor that stimulates stem cell signaling pathways by activating transmembrane type I and type II receptors. However, BMPs have a very short half-life and may rapidly lose their bioactivity.

Histological analysis of co-culture and mice co-transplantation of stem cell-derived adipocyte and osteoblast.

Many researchers have focused on the role of adipocytes in increasing efficient bone tissue engineering and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. Previous reports have not reached a definite consensus on whether adipocytes positively influence osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. We investigated the adipocyte influence on osteogenic differentiation from adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) and bone formation through histological analysis and .

Demineralized dentin matrix combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in rabbit calvarial defects.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic effects of demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in rabbit calvarial defects with DDM and anorganic bovine bone (ABB) combined with rhBMP-2.

Materials And Methods: Four round defects with 8-mm diameters were created in each rabbit calvaria. Each defect was treated with one of the following: 1) DDM, 2) ABB/rhBMP-2, or 3) DDM/rhBMP-2.

Combination of nanoparticles with photothermal effects and phase-change material enhances the non-invasive transdermal delivery of drugs.

We describe a promising non-invasive transdermal delivery system comprising block copolymer composite micelles that contained a phase-change material (PCM), photothermal Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), and hydrophobic drugs in the core. To minimize cell toxicity, we developed block copolymer micelles with a poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) biodegradable core and a hyperbranched polyglycol (hbPG) shell. The hbPG block formed micelles at a low-molecular-weight fraction of a low-molecular-weight block copolymer.

Cathepsin B Imaging to Predict Quality of Engineered Cartilage.

Cathepsin B (CB)-specific molecular imaging probe is applied to monitor the changes of CB expression in 3D cultured chondrocytes during the chondrogenesis. The probe is synthesized with a CB-cleavable peptide linked to a near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dye and a dark quencher, which can recover the NIRF signal in the presence of CB enzyme. The CB activities in two different sets of chondrocytes are comparatively analyzed.

Combination therapy with BMP-2 and BMSCs enhances bone healing efficacy of PCL scaffold fabricated using the 3D plotting system in a large segmental defect model.

The three-dimensional (3D) plotting system is a rapidly-developing scaffold fabrication method for bone tissue engineering. It yields a highly porous and inter-connective structure without the use of cytotoxic solvents. However, the therapeutic effects of a scaffold fabricated using the 3D plotting system in a large segmental defect model have not yet been demonstrated.

Flavonoids purified from Rhus verniciflua Stokes actively inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells.

Many studies have suggested that dietary flavonoids are anticancer agents that induce the apoptosis of cancer cells. However, the effects of flavonoids on the induction of apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells are unclear. Previously, a flavonoid fraction, consisting mainly of protocatechuic acid, fustin, fisetin, sulfuretin, and butein, herein named RCMF (the RVS chloroform-methanol fraction), was prepared from a crude acetone extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS).

Selective antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of flavonoids purified from Rhus verniciflua Stokes on normal versus transformed hepatic cell lines.

Considerable attention is being concentrated on dietary flavonoids in developing novel cancer-preventive approaches due to their potential ability to induce selective apoptosis of cancer cells. In this study, we prepared a flavonoid-containing fraction from a crude acetone extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS), traditionally used as a food additive and as an herbal medicine, and named RVS chloroform-methanol fraction (RCMF). We evaluated the effects of RCMF on proliferation and apoptosis using mouse embryonic primary hepatic cells (MPHC), embryonic normal hepatic cell line (BNL CL.

Induction of antigen-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses by feeding animals transgenic plants expressing the antigen.

A report from that the presence of lactogenic immunity in pigs protected suckling piglets from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection suggested that inducing mucosal immune responses in lactating pigs is an effective way of protecting swine from PEDV infection. In this study, we developed transgenic tobacco plants that express the antigen protein corresponding to the neutralizing epitope of PEDV spike protein, and tested whether feeding the plants to pigs induced an effective immune response against PEDV infection. First, we confirmed the immunogenicity of the plant-derived antigen by using a plaque reduction neutralization assay with serum obtained after injecting mice with protein extracted from the transgenic plants.