Benefits and harms of normal saline instillation before endotracheal suctioning in mechanically ventilated adult patients in intensive care units: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify the effects of normal saline instillation before endotracheal suctioning on clinical outcomes in critically ill patients on a mechanical ventilator.

Research Methodology: This review was based on the guidelines of the National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency in Korea and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Six electronic databases were searched for relevant literature.

Methods and Estimates of the Reimbursement for the Nurse Midwifery Center in the National Health Insurance.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop the optimal nursing fee for nurse-midwifery center (MC) in the national health insurance system.

Methods: The three methodologies used to calculate the conversion factors for the MCs in the national health insurance include cost accounting method, sustainable growth rate (SGR) model, and index model. In this study, the macro-economic indicators and the national statistics were used to estimate the conversion factors for the MCs.