The underappreciated roles of aboveground vertebrates on belowground communities.

In recent decades, evidence of interactions between aboveground and belowground (i.e., soil) subsystems has accumulated.

Prediction of grading of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma using conventional MRI features.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate MRI findings of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (OEC) as a predictor of histological grade.

Materials And Methods: This study included 60 patients with histopathologically confirmed OEC (20, 30, and 10 with grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Clinical and MRI results were retrospectively reviewed.

Dual inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis exerts a synergistic antitumor effect on colorectal and gastric cancer by creating energy depletion and preventing metabolic switch.

Pyruvate is situated at the intersection of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis, which are the primary energy-producing pathways in cells. Cancer therapies targeting these pathways have been previously documented, indicating that inhibiting one pathway may lead to functional compensation by the other, resulting in an insufficient antitumor effect. Thus, effective cancer treatment necessitates concurrent and comprehensive suppression of both.

MRI characteristics of ovarian metastasis: differentiation from stomach and colorectal cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of MRI findings for differentiating between ovarian metastasis from stomach cancer (OMSC) and colorectal cancer (OMCC).

Methods: Twenty-six patients with histopathologically proven ovarian metastasis (n = 8 with 12 OMSCs and n = 18 with 25 OMCCs) were enrolled in the study. All patients had undergone pelvic MRI before surgery.

Protection of understory vegetation by deer exclosure fences prevent the reduction of beech growth due to soil erosion.

Overbrowsing by ungulates has degraded understory vegetation in worldwide forests. Understory degradation causes soil erosion and environmental degradation, causing mature tree decline. Although ungulate exclosure fences are installed to protect vegetation, their effectiveness in preventing tree decline associated with soil degradation remains unclear.

Optimized versus conventional trigger threshold for pancreatic phase image acquisition using dual-energy CT at 40-keV: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of optimized trigger threshold on 40-keV pancreatic phase images acquired with a dual-energy CT (DECT) protocol.

Methods: A cohort of 69 consecutive participants (median age, 72 years) undergoing a pancreatic protocol DECT examination between September to December 2021 were prospectively randomized into two protocols: conventional trigger threshold of 100 HU (Group A, n = 34) and optimized trigger threshold of 30 HU (Group B, n = 35). Pancreatic phase image acquisition was performed with fixed delay of 20 s from the trigger threshold.

Quantitative spatial visualization of X-ray irradiation via redox reaction by dynamic nuclear polarization magnetic resonance imaging.

The dose of X-ray irradiation is commonly measured by point assessment with an ionization chamber dosimeter. However, to achieve spatially accurate delivery of X-ray to avoid the exposure to normal tissues, an accurate imaging method for spatially and quantitatively detecting exposure is required. Herein, we present a novel method to visualize X-ray exposure using low-field dynamic nuclear polarization magnetic resonance imaging (DNP-MRI) with nitroxyl radical tempol as the chemical dosimeter.

MRI features of histological subtypes of thyroid cancer in comparison with CT findings: differentiation between anaplastic, poorly differentiated, and papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the MRI features of the main histological subtypes of thyroid cancer and enable differentiation between anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC), and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Materials And Methods: This study included 79 patients with histopathologically proven thyroid cancer (14 ATCs, 8 PDTCs, and 57 PTCs) who underwent neck MRI. MRI images were retrospectively reviewed and compared between the three pathologies.

Environmental DNA Reveals the Impact of Submarine Groundwater Discharge on the Spatial Variability of Coastal Fish Diversity.

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has recently been recognized as an influential factor in coastal ecosystems; however, little research has been conducted on its effects on coastal fish diversity. To investigate the relationship between SGD and fish diversity, we conducted a survey at the coastal island scale using the environmental DNA (eDNA) method. Our findings indicate that fish species richness and functional richness peak at stations with high SGD.

Thyroid hemiatrophy associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate CT imaging features, pathological findings, and prognosis in patients with thyroid hemiatrophy (THA) associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods: This retrospective study included 225 patients with histopathologically proven PTC treated by surgical resection who underwent preoperative CT scanning. On CT images, THA was defined as thyroid parenchymal hemiatrophy on the ipsilateral side of PTC.

Diffusion-weighted Echo Planar Imaging with Compressed SENSE (EPICS-DWI) for Pancreas Assessment: A Multicenter Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of single-shot echo planar diffusion-weighted imaging with compressed SENSE (EPICS-DWI) for pancreas assessment by comparing with single-shot echo planar DWI with parallel imaging (PI-DWI).

Methods: This multicenter prospective study included 27 consecutive participants with untreated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (15 men; mean age, 67 ± 10 years) who underwent pancreatic protocol MRI including both PI-DWI and EPICS-DWI. Two radiologists independently and randomly reviewed the high b-value DWI images and qualitatively assigned confidence scores for overall image quality, image noise, pancreas conspicuity, and PDAC conspicuity using a 5-point scale.

Assessment of Arterial Involvement in Pancreatic Cancer: Utility of Reconstructed CT Images Perpendicular to Artery.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of reconstructed CT images perpendicular to the artery for assessing arterial involvement from pancreatic cancer and compare the interobserver variability between it and the current diagnostic imaging method. This retrospective study included patients with pancreatic cancer in the pancreatic body or tail who underwent preoperative pancreatic protocol CT and distal pancreatectomy. Five radiologists used axial and coronal CT images (current method) and perpendicular reconstructed CT images (proposed method) to determine if the degree of solid soft-tissue contact with the splenic artery was ≤180° or >180°.

FDG uptake in the cervical muscles after neck dissection: imaging features and postoperative natural course on F‑FDG‑PET/CT.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the imaging features and postoperative natural course of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the cervical muscles after neck dissection.

Materials And Methods: This study included 83 patients who underwent preoperative and postoperative F-FDG-PET/CT and were diagnosed with head and neck malignancy after neck dissection. Postoperative F-FDG-PET/CT was performed within 5 years after neck dissection.

Prognostic value of radiological T category using conventional MRI in patients with oral tongue cancer: comparison with pathological T category.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the radiological tumor (T)-category using multiparametric MRI with the pathological T category in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and to examine which is a better predictor of prognosis.

Methods: This retrospective study included 110 consecutive patients with surgically resected primary OTSCC who underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI. T categories determined by maximum diameter and depth of invasion were retrospectively assessed based on the pathological specimen and multiparametric MRI.

CT and MRI findings of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder: comparison with urothelial carcinoma.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CT and MRI findings to differentiate small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) from urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the urinary bladder.

Materials And Methods: This study included 90 patients with histopathologically confirmed bladder cancer (10 SCNECs and 80 UCs). Eight patients with bladder SCNEC and 80 with UC underwent CT and MRI, whereas the remaining two patients with SCNEC underwent CT alone before treatment.

Radiologic-histopathologic correlation of fatty island sign with fat necrosis in atypical lipomatous tumor and lipoma.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the imaging features of atypical lipomatous tumors (ALTs) and lipoma with fat necrosis.

Methods: This study included patients with histopathologically proven fat necrosis within adipocytic tumors who underwent preoperative imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computer tomography (CT) findings of fat necrosis associated with lipomatous tumors were retrospectively reviewed, emphasizing the "fatty island sign (FIS).

Appropriate pancreatic phase image acquisition by free-breathing dynamic contrast-enhanced pancreatic MRI using stack-of-stars radial sampling and Compressed SENSE.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of a free-breathing sequence (4D FreeBreathing) combined with Compressed SENSE in dynamic contrast-enhanced pancreatic MRI and compare it with a breath-holding sequence (eTHRIVE).

Method: Patients who underwent pancreatic MRI, either eTHRIVE or 4D FreeBreathing, from April 2022 to November 2023 were included in this retrospective study. Two radiologists, who were unaware of the scan sequence, independently and randomly reviewed the images at the precontrast, pancreatic, portal venous, and equilibrium phases and assigned confidence scores for motion and streaking artifacts, pancreatic sharpness, and overall image quality using a 5-point scale.

Pancreatic cancer detection with dual-energy CT: diagnostic performance of 40 keV and 70 keV virtual monoenergetic images.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of 40 keV and 70 keV virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) generated from dual-energy CT in the detection of pancreatic cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent pancreatic protocol dual-energy CT from January 2019 to August 2022. Four radiologists (1-11 years of experience), who were blinded to the final diagnosis, independently and randomly interpreted 40 keV and 70 keV VMIs and graded the presence or absence of pancreatic cancer.

No evidence of carbon storage usage for seed production in 18 dipterocarp masting species in a tropical rain forest.

Most canopy species in lowland tropical rain forests in Southeast Asia, represented by Dipterocarpaceae, undergo mast reproduction synchronously at community level during a general flowering event. Such events occur at irregular intervals of 2-10 years. Some species do not necessarily participate in every synchronous mast reproduction, however.

Effect of X-ray tube on image quality and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma conspicuity in pancreatic protocol dual-energy CT.

Aim: To compare the radiation dose, image quality, and conspicuity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in pancreatic protocol dual-energy computed tomography (CT) between two X-ray tubes mounted in the same CT machine.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study comprised 80 patients (median age, 73 years; 45 men) who underwent pancreatic protocol dual-energy CT from January 2019 to March 2022 using either old (Group A, n=41) or new (Group B, n=39) X-ray tubes mounted in the same CT machine. The imaging parameters were completely matched between the two groups, and CT data were reconstructed at 70 and 40 keV.

Low-tube-voltage whole-body CT angiography with extremely low iodine dose: a comparison between hybrid-iterative reconstruction and deep-learning image-reconstruction algorithms.

Aim: To evaluate arterial enhancement, its depiction, and image quality in low-tube potential whole-body computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) with extremely low iodine dose and compare the results with those obtained by hybrid-iterative reconstruction (IR) and deep-learning image-reconstruction (DLIR) methods.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study included 34 consecutive participants (27 men; mean age, 74.2 years) who underwent whole-body CTA at 80 kVp for evaluating aortic diseases between January and July 2020.

Taxonomic study of Bornean species of Utivarachna Kishida, 1940 (Araneae: Trachelidae), with the description of a new species.

The genus Utivarachna Kishida, 1940 currently comprises 23 species, with eight described from Borneo. We examined the type materials of the Bornean species, except for U. fukasawana Kishida, 1940, as well as newly collected specimens.

MRI findings of malignant transformation arising from mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: comparison with benign mature cystic teratoma.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of MRI findings to differentiate malignant transformation arising from mature cystic teratoma (MT-MCT) of the ovary from benign mature cystic teratoma (BMCT).

Materials And Methods: This study included 11 patients with histopathologically proven MT-MCT and 50 with BMCT. Overall, 7 patients with MT-MCT and all 50 with BMCT underwent unenhanced and contrast-enhanced MRIs and 4 with MT-MCT only underwent unenhanced MRIs.