Effectiveness of Bisphosphonates in Young Adults with Fragility Fractures: Representative Population-Based Cohort Study.

Context: Fragility fractures in young adults present significant clinical challenges due to the limited evidence on the effectiveness of bisphosphonates in preventing subsequent fractures.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of bisphosphonate therapy in reducing the fracture risk among premenopausal women with a history of osteoporotic fractures.

Design: A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) in South Korea, covering the years 2003 to 2014.

Analysis of the progression of cervical cancer in a low-and-middle-income country: From pre-malignancy to invasive disease.

To better understand cervical cancer progression, we analyzed RNA from 262 biopsies from women referred for colposcopy. We determined the HPV type and analyzed the expression of 51 genes. HPV31 was significantly more prevalent in precancer than stage 1 cancer and invasive cancer (p < 0.

Homologous Targeting Effect of Cancer Cell-Derived Liposomes (Memposomes) Mediated by Cell Adhesion Molecules: Role of E-cadherin.

Cell membrane-derived liposomes, termed Memposomes, serve as promising carriers for drug delivery due to their ability to closely mimic cells and efficiently target specific cells. Liposomes derived from cancer cell membranes, in particular, exhibit homologous targeting capabilities, making them potential candidates for cancer-specific drug delivery. However, the underlying mechanisms and specific proteins responsible for this homologous targeting phenomenon remain debated.

Anti-Warburg Mechanism of Ginsenoside F2 in Human Cervical Cancer Cells via Activation of miR193a-5p and Inhibition of β-Catenin/c-Myc/Hexokinase 2 Signaling Axis.

Though Ginsenoside F2 (GF2), a protopanaxadiol saponin from Panax ginseng, is known to have an anticancer effect, its underlying mechanism still remains unclear. In our model, the anti-glycolytic mechanism of GF2 was investigated in human cervical cancer cells in association with miR193a-5p and the β-catenin/c-Myc/Hexokinase 2 (HK2) signaling axis. Here, GF2 exerted significant cytotoxicity and antiproliferation activity, increased sub-G1, and attenuated the expression of pro-Poly (ADPribose) polymerase (pro-PARP) and pro-cysteine aspartyl-specific protease (procaspase3) in HeLa and SiHa cells.

Saliva assay: a call for methodological standardization.

The oral cavity provides an ideal environment for microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, to flourish. Increasing attention has been focused on the connection between the oral microbiome and both oral and systemic diseases, spurring active research into the collection and analysis of specimens for healthcare purposes. Among the various methods for analyzing the oral microbiome, saliva analysis is especially prominent.

Negative Regulation of CPSF6 Suppresses the Warburg Effect and Angiogenesis Leading to Tumor Progression Via c-Myc Signaling Network: Potential Therapeutic Target for Liver Cancer Therapy.

In this study, we explored the oncogenic mechanism of cleavage and polyadenylation-specific factor 6 (CPSF6) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CPSF6 was overexpressed in HCC tissues with poor survival rates compared to normal tissues. Hence, CPSF6 depletion suppressed cell viability and colony formation, induced apoptosis via PARP cleavage, and increased the sub-G1 population of Hep3B and Huh7 cells.

Modeling of the brain-lung axis using organoids in traumatic brain injury: an updated review.

Clinical outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is closely associated conditions of other organs, especially lungs as well as degree of brain injury. Even if there is no direct lung damage, severe brain injury can enhance sympathetic tones on blood vessels and vascular resistance, resulting in neurogenic pulmonary edema. Conversely, lung damage can worsen brain damage by dysregulating immunity.

One-year mortality and morbidities of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome compared with other diseases: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea.

Background: The long-term mortality and morbidity of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) remain unclear.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service dataset on hospitalized patients with SFTS aged ≥20 years between 2016 and 2021 (n = 1,217). Each SFTS case was matched with three controls hospitalized for non-SFTS-related diseases using propensity score matching.

Comparative Interrupted Time Series Analysis of Medical Expenses in Patients with Intertrochanteric Fracture Who Underwent Internal Fixation and Hemiarthroplasty.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess postoperative direct medical expenses and medical utilization of elderly patients who underwent either hemiarthroplasty (HA) or internal fixation (IF) for treatment of a femoral intertrochanteric fracture and to analyze differences according to surgical methods and age groups.

Materials And Methods: Data from the 2011 to 2018 Korean National Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service database were used. Risk-set matching was performed for selection of controls representing patients with the same sex, age, and year of surgery.

Immune Cells Are Differentially Affected by SARS-CoV-2 Viral Loads in K18-hACE2 Mice.

Viral load and the duration of viral shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are important determinants of the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019. In this study, we examined the effects of viral doses on the lung and spleen of K18-hACE2 transgenic mice by temporal histological and transcriptional analyses. Approximately, 1×10 plaque-forming units (PFU) of SARS-CoV-2 induced strong host responses in the lungs from 2 days post inoculation (dpi) which did not recover until the mice died, whereas responses to the virus were obvious at 5 days, recovering to the basal state by 14 dpi at 1×10 PFU.

Comparison of the performance of MiSeq and NovaSeq in oral microbiome study.

Objective: Next generation sequencing is commonly used to characterize the microbiome structure. MiSeq is most commonly used to analyze the microbiome due to its relatively long read length. Illumina also introduced the 250 × 2 chip for NovaSeq.

Comparative Interrupted Time Series Analysis of Direct Medical Expense and Length of Stay in Elderly Patients with Femoral Neck Fractures Who Underwent Total Hip Arthroplasty and Hemiarthroplasty: A Real World Nationwide Database Study.

Background: The objective of our study was to analyze the postoperative direct medical expenses and hospital lengths of stay (LOS) of elderly patients who had undergone either hemiarthroplasty (HA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) for femoral neck fractures and to determine the indication of THA by comparing those variables between the 2 groups by time.

Methods: In this comparative large-sample cohort study, we analyzed data from the 2011 to 2018 Korean National Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. The included patients were defined as elderly individuals aged 60 years or older who underwent HA or THA for a femoral neck fracture.

Assessing the role of cold front passage and synoptic patterns on air pollution in the Korean Peninsula.

Various numerical experiments using WRF (Weather Research & Forecasting Model) and CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System) were performed to analyze the phenomenon of rapidly high concentration PM after the passage of a cold front in an area with limited local emissions. The episode period was from January 14 to 23, 2018, and analysis was conducted by dividing it into two stages according to the characteristics of changes in PM concentrations during the period. Through the analysis of observational data during the episode period, we confirmed meteorological impacts (decrease in temperature, increase in wind speed and relative humidity) and an increase in air pollution (PM and PM) attributed to the passage of a cold front.

Extract Induces Apoptosis via Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 27 and Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancers.

Although is known to have anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-oxidant properties, the underlying apoptotic mechanism of extract has never been elucidated in prostate cancer. In this paper, the apoptotic mechanism of a water extract from the dried root of (WAM) was investigated in prostate cancer cells in association with heat shock protein 27 (HSP27)/androgen receptor (AR) signaling. WAM increased cytotoxicity and the sub-G1 population, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cysteine aspartyl-specific protease 3 (caspase 3), and attenuated the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in LNCaP cells after 24 h of exposure.

Improved detection of low-frequency within-host variants from deep sequencing: A case study with human papillomavirus.

High-coverage sequencing allows the study of variants occurring at low frequencies within samples, but is susceptible to false-positives caused by sequencing error. Ion Torrent has a very low single nucleotide variant (SNV) error rate and has been employed for the majority of human papillomavirus (HPV) whole genome sequences. However, benchmarking of intrahost SNVs (iSNVs) has been challenging, partly due to limitations imposed by the HPV life cycle.

Long-term effects of childhood difficulties on depressive symptoms among older adults: Role of adulthood income and income satisfaction.

Aim: This study examines how childhood difficulties are associated with late-life depression. Using the concept of agency within the structure of the life course perspective, this study investigates how subjective income satisfaction in adulthood plays a role in the relationship between adulthood objective income and late-life depressive symptoms among older adults who have experienced childhood difficulties.

Methods: Using data from two waves (2006, 2021) of the Korean Welfare Panel Study (N = 1822), we identified respondents with and without childhood difficulties, and performed a series of hierarchical zero-inflated Poisson regression models.

No increased risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw in osteoporotic patients with dental implants: a nationwide cohort study.

Objectives: The occurrence of implant-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) has been reported in osteoporotic patients, particularly in association with bisphosphonate therapy. This study aimed to investigate the risk of implant surgery and implant presence for ONJ occurrence in osteoporotic patients longitudinally.

Methods: Based on Korean National Health Information Database, subjects over the age of 65 who were diagnosed with osteoporosis between July 2014 and December 2016 were included.

Inhibition of glycolysis and SIRT1/GLUT1 signaling ameliorates the apoptotic effect of Leptosidin in prostate cancer cells.

Since the silent information regulation 2 homolog-1 (sirtuin, SIRT1) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) are known to modulate cancer cell metabolism and proliferation, the role of SIRT1/GLUT1 signaling was investigated in the apoptotic effect of Leptosidin from Coreopsis grandiflora in DU145 and PC3 human prostate cancer (PCa) cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell cycle analysis, Western blotting, cBioportal correlation analysis, and co-immunoprecipitation were used in this work. Leptosidin showed cytotoxicity, augmented sub-G1 population, and abrogated the expression of pro-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (pro-PARP) and pro-cysteine aspartyl-specific protease (pro-caspase3) in DU145 and PC3 cells.

Association between toothbrushing and cardiovascular risk factors: a cross-sectional study using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2017.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that frequent toothbrushing is associated with a lower risk of future cardiovascular events. We sought to investigate further the relationship between toothbrushing, cardiovascular risk factors, and lifestyle behaviours.

Methods: We analysed a cross-sectional survey including 13,761 adults aged 30 years or older without a history of cardiovascular diseases from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey.

The microRNA-193a-5p induced ROS production and disturbed colocalization between STAT3 and androgen receptor play critical roles in cornin induced apoptosis.

Though cornin is known to induce angiogenic, cardioprotective, and apoptotic effects, the apoptotic mechanism of this iridoid monoglucoside is not fully understood in prostate cancer cells to date. To elucidate the antitumor mechanism of cornin, cytotoxicity assay, cell cycle analysis, Western blotting, RT-qPCR, RNA interference, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and inhibitor assay were applied in this work. Cornin exerted cytotoxicity, increased sub-G1 population, and cleaved PARP and caspase3 in LNCaP cells more than in DU145 cells.