Increasing model vertical resolution may not necessarily lead to improved atmospheric predictability.

The widely accepted existence of an inherent limit of atmospheric predictability is usually attributed to weather's sensitive dependence on initial conditions. This signature feature of chaos was first discovered in the Lorenz system, initially derived as a simplified model of thermal convection. In a recent study of a high-dimensional generalization of the Lorenz system, it was reported that the predictability of its chaotic solutions exhibits a non-monotonic dimensional dependence.

Existence of multiple scales in uncertainty of numerical weather prediction.

Numerical weather prediction provides essential information of societal influence. Advances in the initial condition estimation have led to the improvement of the prediction skill. The process to produce the better initial condition (analysis) with the combination of short-range forecast and observation over the globe requires information about uncertainty of the forecast results to decide how much observation is reflected to the analysis and how far the observation information should be propagated.