The Prospect of Hydrolytic Enzymes from Species in the Biological Control of Pests and Diseases in Forest and Fruit Tree Production.

Plant diseases and insect pest damage cause tremendous losses in forestry and fruit tree production. Even though chemical pesticides have been effective in the control of plant diseases and insect pests for several decades, they are increasingly becoming undesirable due to their toxic residues that affect human life, animals, and the environment, as well as the growing challenge of pesticide resistance. In this study, we review the potential of hydrolytic enzymes from species such as chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases, proteases, lipases, amylases, and cellulases in the biological control of phytopathogens and insect pests, which could be a more sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides.

Broussonetia × hanjiana (Moraceae) microsatellite markers for species and ploidy determination developed using next-generation sequencing.

Background: Broussonetia × hanjiana has been considered a hybrid owing to its morphology, which is intermediate between that of B. papyrifera (L.) L'Her.