Synthesis of site-specific Fab-drug conjugates using ADP-ribosyl cyclases.

Targeted delivery of small-molecule drugs via covalent attachments to monoclonal antibodies has proved successful in clinic. For this purpose, full-length antibodies are mainly used as drug-carrying vehicles. Despite their flexible conjugation sites and versatile biological activities, intact immunoglobulins with conjugated drugs, which feature relatively large molecular weights, tend to have restricted tissue distribution and penetration and low fractions of payloads.

Generation of Bispecific Antibodies by Functionalized Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymers.

Bispecific antibodies have drawn considerate research interests for therapeutic development. Numerous genetic and chemical methods are established to produce bispecific antibodies with varied formats. This protocol describes a novel approach to the synthesis of bispecific antibodies by utilizing chemically functionalized poly-ADP-ribose polymers derived from post-translational poly-ADP-ribosylation.

Nectin-4 as a Predictive Marker for Poor Prognosis of Endometrial Cancer with Mismatch Repair Impairment.

The adhesion molecule Nectin-4 is a new potential therapeutic target for different types of cancer; however, little is known about its diagnosis significance in endometrial cancer (EC). We found that Nectin-4 expression was significantly higher in EC tissues than in nonadjacent normal tissue. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.

Prognostic value of β-Arrestins in combination with glucocorticoid receptor in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Hormones may be key factors driving cancer development, and epidemiological findings suggest that steroid hormones play a crucial role in ovarian tumorigenesis. We demonstrated that high glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression is associated with a poor prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Recent studies have shown that the GR affects β-arrestin expression, and vice versa.

Epidemiologic and Clinical Outcomes of Pediatric Renal Tumors in Korea: A Retrospective Analysis of The Korean Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Group (KPHOG) Data.

Purpose: Renal tumors account for approximately 7% of all childhood cancers. These include Wilms tumor (WT), clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK), malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRTK), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) and other rare tumors. We investigated the epidemiology of pediatric renal tumors in Korea.

The Efficacy of Alternate Systemic Intravenous Chemotherapy and Intra-arterial Chemotherapy Approach for Eye Globe Salvage in Retinoblastoma.

Purpose: The advances in the treatment of retinoblastoma have enabled salvaging the globe in advanced stages with intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC). We developed a strategy of alternate application of systemic intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) and IAC (referred to as alternate systemic IVC and IAC; ASIAC) to reduce central nervous metastases during IAC and examined its efficacy and safety in eye globe salvage in this study.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2010 and February 2021, 43 eyes of 40 patients received ASIAC treatment for retinoblastoma at the Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System.

Identification of Prognostic Markers of Gynecologic Cancers Utilizing Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Models.

Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are important in vivo models for the development of precision medicine. However, challenges exist regarding genetic alterations and relapse after primary treatment. Thus, PDX models are required as a new approach for preclinical and clinical studies.

A Novel TFG Mutation in a Korean Family with α-Synucleinopathy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Background: Tropomyosin-receptor kinase fused gene (TFG) functions as a regulator of intracellular protein packaging and trafficking at the endoplasmic reticulum exit sites. TFG has recently been proposed as a cause of multisystem proteinopathy.

Objectives: Here, we describe a Korean family presenting with Parkinson's disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by a novel variant of TFG (c.

Reproductive, Obstetric and Neonatal Outcomes in Women with Congenital Uterine Anomalies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Congenital uterine anomalies (CUA) may influence reproductive performance, resulting in adverse pregnancy associated complications. This study aimed to assess the association of CUA subtypes with reproductive, obstetric, and perinatal outcomes. We performed a systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane libraries for studies comparing pregnancy outcomes between women with CUA and those with a normal uterus.

Suppressed photocatalytic activity of ZnO based Core@Shell and RCore@Shell nanostructure incorporated in the cellulose nanofiber.

The protection of skin cells against intense ultra-violet (UV) rays is of greater concern and needs immediate attention. Sustainable efforts and strategies are in progress to minimize the factors that adversely affect skin cells. Herein, we synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) in the form of core-shell (Core@Shell) or reverse core-shell (RCore@Shell) structure where silica was synthesized as a shell or core, respectively on the surface of cellulose nanofiber (CNF).

Highly dispersive CoO nanoparticles incorporated into a cellulose nanofiber for a high-performance flexible supercapacitor.

Transition metal oxides used as electrode materials for flexible supercapacitors have attracted huge attention due to their high specific capacitance and surface-to-volume ratio, specifically for cobalt oxide (CoO) nanoparticles. However, the low intrinsic electronic conductivity and aggregation of CoO nanoparticles restrict their electrochemical performance and prevent these electrode materials from being commercialized. Herein, a facile, advantageous, and cost effective sol-gel synthetic route for growing CoO nanoparticles uniformly over a low cost and eco-friendly one-dimensional (1D) hydrophilic cellulose nanofiber (CNF) surface has been reported.

Efficacy of low dose and short duration defibrotide prophylaxis for hepatic veno-occlusive disease after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a serious systemic endothelial complication after stem cell transplantation. Defibrotide is under investigation as a prophylactic agent for VOD; however, high costs limit its utility. We evaluated the prophylactic efficacy of a low-dose defibrotide regimen for VOD.

Instantaneous integration of magnetite nanoparticles on graphene oxide assisted by ultrasound for efficient heavy metal ion retrieval.

We fabricated a magnetite nanoparticle-graphene oxide (GO) hybrid via a non-chemical and one-step process assisted by ultrasound in an aqueous solution where the nanoparticle attached to the hydrophobic region on graphite oxide (multi-layered GO) which, at the same time, was exfoliated. Unlike chemical methods such as precipitation, oxygen-containing functional groups on GO have not been consumed or reduced during the hybridization, leading that this hybrid exhibited good water solubility and high adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions such as Pb(II) and Au(III). After the adsorption, the hybrid was instantly collected using a magnet.

Critical role of the fibroblast growth factor signalling pathway in Ewing's sarcoma octamer-binding transcription factor 4-mediated cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.

Certain bone and soft tissue (BST) tumours harbour a chromosomal translocation [t(6;22)(p21;q12)], which fuses the Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) gene at 22q12 with the octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4) gene at 6p21, resulting in the chimeric EWS-Oct-4 protein that possesses high transactivation ability. Although abnormal activation of signalling pathways can lead to human cancer development, the pathways underlying these processes in human BST tumours remain poorly explored. Here, we investigated the functional significance of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling in human BST tumours.

Vitamin D Status and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Pelvic Floor Disorders in Women.

Objectives: To investigate if vitamin D receptor () gene polymorphisms and circulating vitamin D levels are associated with pelvic floor disorders (PFDs).

Methods: In this case-control study, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D) serum levels were analyzed in 47 females with PFDs and 87 healthy females (controls), respectively. The gene polymorphisms were determined by using polymerase chain reaction and performing digestions with 4 restriction enzymes i.

Factors associated with pulmonary toxicity after myeloablative conditioning using fractionated total body irradiation.

Purpose: Pulmonary toxicities, including infectious pneumonia (IP) and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS), are serious side effects of total body irradiation (TBI) used for myeloablative conditioning. This study aimed to evaluate clinical factors associated with IP and IPS following TBI.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-eight patients with hematologic malignancies who underwent TBI before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between 2005 and 2014 were reviewed.

Clinical Risk Factors Influencing Dental Developmental Disturbances in Childhood Cancer Survivors.

Purpose: Although studies regarding dental developmental disturbances after childhood cancer treatment have increased, they have many limitations. Studies analyzing the significance of independent clinical risk factors with regard to the dental health status are also rare. We aimed to investigate the risk factors for dental developmental disturbances, particularly severe disturbances, in childhood cancer survivors (CCS).

Outcomes of Treatment for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: Different Clinical Features Associated with Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Purpose: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are a rare subtype of sarcoma that occur spontaneously or in association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). This study aimed to clinically differentiate these types of MPNSTs.

Materials And Methods: The study reviewed 95 patients diagnosed with and treated for MPNST at Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea over a 27-year period.

Prognostic Significance of Hemodynamic and Clinical Stages in the Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background & Goals: Early identification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with improved survival for patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). We evaluated the prognostic significance of hemodynamic stage (HS) and clinical stage (CS) in predicting HCC in CLD patients.

Methods: Between January 2006 and May 2014, 801 patients with CLD who underwent hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement were prospectively enrolled.

Portal hypertensive gastropathy as a prognostic index in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Background: Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is a frequently overlooked complication of liver cirrhosis (LC). The clinical implications of PHG as a prognostic factor of LC or a predictive factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been established. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance of PHG in patients with LC.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Second Malignant Neoplasms after Childhood Cancer Treatment: Multi-Center Retrospective Survey.

This retrospective study investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in survivors of childhood cancer from multiple institutions in Korea. A total of 102 patients from 11 institutions who developed SMN after childhood cancer treatment between 1998 and 2011 were retrospectively enrolled. The most common primary malignant neoplasms (PMNs) were central nervous system (CNS) tumors (n = 17), followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 16), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 13), and osteosarcoma (n = 12).

Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Childhood Cancer Survivors.

Purpose: In childhood cancer survivors, the most common late effect is thyroid dysfunction, most notably subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Our study evaluated the risk factors for persistent SCH in survivors.

Materials And Methods: Survivors (n=423) were defined as patients who survived at least 2 years after cancer treatment completion.

Symptom Interval and Patient Delay Affect Survival Outcomes in Adolescent Cancer Patients.

Purpose: Unique features of adolescent cancer patients include cancer types, developmental stages, and psychosocial issues. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between diagnostic delay and survival to improve adolescent cancer care.

Materials And Methods: A total of 592 patients aged 0-18 years with eight common cancers were grouped according to age (adolescents, ≥10 years; children, <10 years).

Tuberculous Prostatic Abscess with Prostatorectal Fistula after Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy.

Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is a common treatment modality for bladder cancer after transurethral resection of a bladder tumor. This therapy is generally safe, and development of a prostatic abscess with a prostatorectal fistula after intravesical BCG immunotherapy is a very rare complication. This finding was incidentally obtained by the authors, who examined a patient with colonoscopy for evaluation of abdominal pain.