[Unexplained cyanosis in two newborns: neonatal methemoglobinemia after maternal perineal infiltration of prilocaine].

Background: Methemoglobinemia is a rare cause of neonatal cyanosis in the newborn. It is considered a medical emergency. Failure of recognition or appropriated treatment could result in serious disease and neonatal death.

Validity of sidestream endtidal carbon dioxide measurement in critically ill, mechanically ventilated children.

Introduction: Capnography is used to monitor the endtidal carbon dioxide tension (EtCO2) in exhaled gas. Sidestream capnography has great potential to monitor mechanically ventilated pediatric patients, given the continuous sampling from the endotracheal tube into a gas sensor. However, hemodynamic and respiratory impairments may reduce reliability and validity of sidestream capnography to monitor arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) in critically ill, mechanically ventilated children.

Reference values of exhaled nitric oxide in healthy children 1-5 years using off-line tidal breathing.

Measurement of the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a useful test to diagnose and/or monitor eosinophilic airway inflammation. The off-line tidal breathing method is used for measurements in young children, but reference values for preschool children are scarce. The objective of this study was to establish reference values for FeNO in healthy children 1-5 years old.